The comparative data of development and growth, formation of phytomass of seedlings of Siberian cedar pine with a closed root system during the first year of cultivation in the greenhouse of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology are presented., Substrates of different composition, the basis of which was neutral peat (pH = 7) or coconut substrate, were used for the cultivation of seedlings. Vermiculite and/or perlite were added to the substrates in concentrations of 5 and 12 %. Seeds of Siberian cedar pine were collected in the Yemelyanovsky forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, subjected to trench stratification. Sowing was carried out in June 2021.

During the first growing season, the length of cotyledons, the primary needles of seedlings, the formed apical buds of seedlings, as well as the height and diameter of the stem at the neck of the root of seedlings and their phytomass, were studied.

As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the composition of the substrate influences the linear dimensions and phytomass of the aboveground and underground parts of plants. Large stem sizes are noted on substrates of pure neutral peat, peat mixtures with 5 % perlite and 5 % vermiculite, and coconut substrate with 12% vermiculite. The lag of linear dimensions was revealed in seedlings grown on a pure coconut substrate and peat mixture with the addition of 12 % perlite. Seedlings growing on peat substrates form by the end of the first growing season a root system of smaller size and weight than on substrates, the main component of which is coconut.

Currently, abnormal climatic processes that affect forest ecosystems are observed. One of the forms of adaptation and response of trees is their morphogenesis. The purpose of the study is to establish patterns of the change in the shape of crowns and trees in cedar plantations as a reflection of the influence of external and internal factors. The basis of the experimental material was the morphological features of cedar trees, reflecting the horizontal structure of the plantations: crown radius to the cardinal points, trunk diameter in two directions at a height of 1.3 meters. It has been established that the degree of conformity of the shape of trunks and crowns of trees is influenced by the location of the site and the degree of closing of crowns both in rows and between rows. With the growth and development of cedar plantations, both external and internal factors play an increasingly significant role. In the most shaded part of the cedar plantations (plots 3 and 4), the maximum number of trees with a circular shape of both trunks and crowns was revealed. At the same time, almost 2 times more trees with a circular shape (56 % and 32 %) were installed on the plantation “Meteostantsiya” in its left part, which indicates the influence of additional factors, such as the origin of planting material, the distance in the rows and between rows, etc. The cedar plantations in most areas have entered the stage of crown closing, when, in addition to exogenous factors, competition for resources begins to influence the growth and development of trees. In this case, morphogenesis (the shape of crowns and the shape of the cross section of tree trunks) is a reflection of the totality of both external and internal factors.

The influence of the growing conditions of Siberian cedar pine (Pinus sibirica) on the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration was investigated. A direct relationship was revealed between a decrease in light intensity and a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis, and an inverse relationship between a decrease in light intensity and the rate of transpiration in samples growing in phytotron. A parabolic relationship between the intensity of light and the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration was revealed in samples growing in natural conditions. When studying the effect of the CO₂ content in the air on the photosynthesis rate, a direct relationship is observed in all samples: with a decrease in the CO₂ content in the air, a decrease in the photosynthesis rate is observed, with an increase in the CO₂ content, an increase in the photosynthesis rate is observed. The study of the change in the transpiration rate from the CO₂ content did not reveal a clear dependence.

A study was made of the morphological variability of cone size and seed production of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) under different growing conditions. The objects of study were populations that are in the region of the ecological optimum of the species and with little impact of anthropogenic factors, which are of interest for Siberian pine breeding: low-mountain and middle-mountain populations of the Western Sayan and Baikal and mountain populations of Siberian pine of the Western Sayan and Mongolia. Cones were collected within each population. For the study, a sample was used, represented by a mixture of cones from 20-30 trees of each population. The main elements of the crop structure (as applied to the Siberian pine) were studied: the weight of seeds in one cone, the number of seed scales, the number of seeds in a cone, and the weight of 1000 seeds. The results of the study revealed differences in the structure of the yield of Siberian pine between populations of high-altitude zones. Low-mountain populations of optimal growing conditions of the Western Sayan and Buryatia have high indicators of the yield structure. It is shown that with increasing altitude, such indicators as the number of underdeveloped scales increase significantly. The dependence of the yield and weight of seeds on the size of the cones and on the harvest years was revealed. It has been established that for the selection of productive individuals of the Siberian pine, it is advisable to use the number of fertile scales, yield and weight of seeds as promising, selectable traits. The studies carried out in the altitudinal belts of the Western Sayan showed the variability in the size of cones and the yield of seeds of the Siberian pine within a relatively narrow range and coincided with the data of other researchers on high-altitude populations.

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of Siberian cedar pine are given: storage, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with trace elements and growth stimulants, their irradiation with Rengen rays, additional lighting of seedlings, cuttings, creation of plantations with clones, half-siblings, offspring of different geographical origin. The obtained results were used in the development of GOST, OSTs, RTS, recommendations, creation of databases. The research was carried out at experimental sites in the Educational and Experimental Forestry of SibSU, the Yermakovsky Forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as other forestries in Siberia on the basis of generally accepted methods in forestry production. Optimal conditions for long-term storage of seeds, the use of stimulants, trace elements when growing planting material were revealed. Additional illumination of seedlings, the use of light filters of specific spectral composition are proposed. The agricultural technique of growing planting material in nurseries of Siberia, the influence of the size of planting material on the survival rate and growth of plants in forest crops are analyzed.The growth of Siberian cedar pine on the root of Scots pine and Siberian cedar pine was tested. The variability of ramets and semi-siblings of plus trees certified by seed and trunk productivity was studied. The influence of buckthorn buckthorn on the growth and seed production of Siberian cedar pine of different geographical origin was established, the offspring of populations characterized by intensive growth and early reproductive development were selected.

Presents the results of the dynamics assessment of preservation and growth, and results of the analysis of phytopathological state of provenance trials of Pinus sibirica Du Tour created in the Leningrad region. By the age of 35, only 180 cedar pine trees remained, which largely depends on the care lack. However, it has been established that the progenies originated from the most remote regions to the north and east, and those poorly supplied by heat and moisture had lower preservation and growth rate. The progeny of the Buryat-Bichur origin had the highest preservation (6.4 %). The Yakut-Lena progeny is the most lagging in terms of preservation and growth. According to the complex of parameters, the Krasnoyarsk-Mansi and Kemerovo-Tashtagolsky progenies were among the best, in which there are healthy cedars with a height up to 15 m. The diseases locus (shoot cancer caused by Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremm., and blister cancer caused by Cronartium ribicola Dietr.) were detected. The state of provenance trials as a whole was estimated as strongly weakened. On average, the share of shrinking cedar accounts for 43%. The progenies originating from the eastern most areas were in the worst condition. Taking into account the results of long-term research, the successful cultivation of Siberian cedar pine is possible using seeds harvested south of 59°N and west of 99°E, that is originating from the Kemerovo, Tomsk, Irkutsk regions, and the Krasnoyarsk territory.

The work is aimed at clarifying the forest-seeding zoning of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Leningrad region.

The paper shows that the influence of regulatory factors on the growth of Siberian pine does not depend on the growth rate of the plantation and can be considered as a factor characteristic of the tree species. Differences in the calculated characteristics of forests of different bonites are observed already at the age of 20 years, and in order to regulate growth, it is possible to influence the growth of young stands, for example, through the application of fertilizers at these ages. An increased growth of phytomass at these ages can lead to further growth of stands without the influence of this external factor.

The dynamics of woody plants number cenopopulations at the stage of their renewal in connection with external environmental factors determines the entire subsequent structure and dynamics of dendrocenosis. The article provides a comparative analysis of the intensity and dynamics of the natural renewal of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in connection with the dynamics of vegetation on burnt areas in three types of forests in the Northern Urals. The renewal of the Siberian stone pine in the burnt areas under study begins in the second year after the wildfire along the emerging moss cover (Polytrihum sp). The main factor limiting the process of renewal is the growth of high-stemmed herbaceous and small-leaved woody vegetation. As the tree stems that have fallen after the fire are overgrown with green mosses, the intensive renewal of the cedar is “switched” to this substrate. The results of the study on the burned area in the derived berry-green-moss pine forest confirm the data on the rapid reforestation in this type of forest and the further long-term development of the potential Siberian stone pine forest under the canopy of the birch forest. On burnt areas in the indigenous mossy-fern Siberian stone pine forest, the process of reforestation and the formation of a forest stand dominated by Siberian stand pine is extremely extended in time and proceeds through a long tall grass stage. On burnt areas in the primary upland type of forest, the formation of pure Siberian stone pine forest is possible with a significant remoteness of the sources of seeds of other woody plants and proceeds through a short-term large-shrub stage. An assumption is made about the different degree of adaptation of various types of forest conditions to wild fires, which is expressed in different duration and intensity of reforestation in accordance with the degree and relative frequency of their burning.

The history of the appearance of the European cedar, the change in the areas of the Siberian cedar and the European cedar on the European continent from the Pliocene to the modern Holocene is presented. The biological and ecological properties of these rocks are described. According to a wide range of nutritious and healing properties of pine nuts, economically valuable, decorative and health-improving properties, these species are outstanding creations of nature. Natural plantations of Siberian cedar on the western border of the range, in the Komi Republic, European cedar in isolates of the highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians are distinguished by low seed and stem productivity, low polymorphism. In Eastern Europe, artificial plantings of Siberian cedar, isolated – European cedar, are available in different forest zones of Russia – from the Murmansk Arctic and the Arkhangelsk region to the Central regions of the forest. The concentration of plants from different regions and populations of the natural range contributed to the creation of polymorphic plantations. There is a high individual, intrazonal, geographical variability of trees in seed productivity, growth energy, structural characteristics of the yield, crown development, and others. The best conditions for the realization of productivity with free placement of trees, as well as other properties, are in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests. Here, in medium-yielding years, 1–1.5 kg of nuts were harvested from one tree, in good years – 3–5, in high-yielding – 9–12 kg. Polymorphism makes it possible to identify genotypes with a high value of economically valuable traits and use their vegetative offspring (cuttings) to create target plantations and other plantations – nut[1]producing, fast-growing, ecological, ornamental in order to rapidly obtain a large volume of weighty and weightless cedar products.

Forest ecosystems play an important role in climate stabilization, but current climate shifts can lead to significant changes in their biological productivity and their performance of biospheric functions. Relationships between plant biomass and hydrothermal indicators at regional levels are known, but there is a little data on such relationships along transcontinental gradients. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the law of the limiting factor on the dynamics of biomass of trees and stands of five-needled cedar pines (subgenus Haploxylon) in territorial and temporal climatic gradients at the trans-Eurasian level and to compare the results obtained with previously published patterns for forest-forming species of Eurasia. For this purpose, a database was formed on the biomass of 95 model trees (kg) and 155 sample plots with measured biomass (t/ha) of Pinus sibirica Du Tour and P. koraiensis S. et Z. As a result of the implementation of the principle of space-for-time substitution, the patterns of changes in the biomass of five-needled cedar pines with expected shifts in temperature and precipitation are designed, similar to the previously established patterns of forest-forming species of Eurasia. Thus, the presence of the uniformity of the influence of climatic factors on the biomass of different tree species (genera) is confirmed, namely, the uniform nature of the change of one limiting factor with another one at the level of both a tree and a stand, both in the existing spatial and assumed temporal gradients.

The article presents the results of genetic analysis of plus trees growing in the Kolyvan forestry of the Novosibirsk region. The genetic affiliation of the ramets of clones of plus trees growing on the grafting hybrid-seed educational and scientific facility (GSP) of the Sentry Precinct Forestry of the Educational and Experimental Forestry of the M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University (south of Central Siberia) has been established. As a result of comparing the results of the DNA analysis of clones with the genotypes of plus trees, genetically confirmed yield ramets of clones 91/55 and 100/64 were revealed.

The article discusses the main known methods of processing Siberian pine cones into decorative composite material, developed a technique for creating decorative composite material based on existing methods of processing softwood biomass, investigated the possibility of using adhesives of various types and origin for the manufacture of decorative material, conducted tests of the physical and mechanical properties of the samples obtained.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of glue of natural origin for the manufacture of decorative material with high physical and mechanical characteristics based on the biomass of coniferous wood species. As a result of the three-factor experiment, the optimal hot pressing mode was established, which is characterized by a pressing temperature of 130 ° C, a specific duration of 1.35 min / mm, and a pressing pressure of 1.2 MPa. A comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of samples based on bio-glue, PVA glue and urea-formaldehyde resin showed compliance with the requirements for strength indicators for decorative materials. It has been established that the samples of the material based on urea-formaldehyde resin have the greatest strength indicators, but they have a significant drawback in the form of the release of free formaldehyde from the finished material, which limits the possibilities of its use as a decorative material with healing properties.

Patent research has been carried out and new universal small-sized equipment combining the performance of working operations for the production of pine nuts in a single technological flow has been developed. Physical and technical parameters of pine nut seeds are defined, the limiting sizes of pine nuts are: in length: large from 9.1 mm and above, medium from 7.1 to 9.0 mm, small – less than 7.0 mm. The main physical and geometrical parameters of pine nuts used for the development and design of technological equipment for complex mechanization of work operations were determined experimentally.

Cedar oil, widely used in the diet of the inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East, is a source of a complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω- 3 and 6 family. Cedar fatty oil is the final product of the pressing process and at the same time can be a raw material for other productions. It has been established that the developed technology of two-stage cold pressing of cedar nut provides an increase in the yield of cedar oil and amounts to 27.87 %. The comparative analysis of physico-chemical parameters of fatty cedar oil obtained by cold pressing by two-stage method has been carried out. It has established that the obtained fatty cedar oil meets the requirements of normative documentation and provides an increase in the total yield of cedar oil in comparison with the conventional technology by 16.87 % and substantiates the use of two-stage cold pressing based on new technological equipment with the use of screw and hydraulic presses.