The possibilities of the territorial organization of agricultural nature management is a tool for geographical analysis of the region, which makes it possible to ensure the sustainable development of its background, nature-conditioned species, allowing to take into account the natural predetermination of the formation of various types of agrarian nature management (methods of physical geography and landscape science) and the economic opportunities for its effective functioning. An analysis of the existing regional systems of agrarian nature management (regional and topological levels) allows us to identify not only the features of their formation, but also to suggest directions for rationalization, and in the future – sustainable development within the framework of natural and socio-economic restrictions.In the Yenisei Siberia of the coniferous boreal zone stretching from north to south for 300, various zones are formed from the tundra to the steppes and mountain forests. The natural ecological conditions of the selected agrolandscapes are favorable for the production of early and mid-ripening varieties of agricultural crops: spring wheat, winter rye, sheep, barley and root crops. In agrolandscapes, there are prospects for expanding agricultural opportunities in today’s economic conditions.

The article deals with the organization of agricultural territories. An analysis of the structure of the agro-potential of natural resources made it possible to identify the originality of the composition, the ratio of individual species and the natural prerequisites for the economic development of the economic complex of the zone of active agriculture in the Yenisei Siberia. This paper analyzes and presents the methodological foundations and approaches to assessing the agro-natural potential of the territory and agricultural nature management as an ecological and economic system. For this purpose, the problem of the territorial organization of agrarian nature management is considered. The sustainable development of the Yenisei Siberia is based on the integrated development of its three components – social, environmental and economic. It is important to take into account the environmental factor, which is defined as the ecological potential – the reserve of the territory’s ability to satisfy human needs in agricultural products, but at the same time resist the negative anthropogenic impact.

The assessment of the preservation and growth of spruce crops created by seedlings with a closed root system, as well as their intraspecific variability of apical shoot growth, was carried out. The object of research is the European spruce crops in the Gryazovetsky district of the Vologda region in acidic conditions of the place of growth. Forest crops were created in 2014 and 2017 by one- and two-year-old seedlings of European spruce with a closed root system with improved hereditary properties with the same tillage technology. The composition of the studied plantings includes from 2 to 4 units of cultivated rock. The studied spruce crops are characterized by intensive growth and good preservation, which determines the effectiveness of using this technology. A decrease in the level of variation in the growth of the apical shoot with age is characteristic for all the surveyed areas. The correlation ratio (η = 0.93) indicates a very high dependence of the fluctuation of growth on the age of plants. The decrease in the level of variability of growth in the phase of individual growth is primarily due to the absence of shading by woody and herbaceous vegetation, which, in turn, is also due to the high intensity of crop growth in combination with timely care. These studies allow us to recommend activating the transition of reforestation to the technology of creating spruce crops with a closed root system.

The article describes an algorithm for constructing a table of the course of growth of modal spruce plantations growing in the Far Eastern taiga forest region. A feature of the technique is that it is based on the use of bulk material from permanent sample plots laid down during the state forest inventory. This mass material was spruce model trees. The analysis includes trees belonging to the category of business, semi-business and woody. The relationship of height, diameter, commodity with age was studied using model trees, the parameters of the regression equations of the relationship were found, the percentages of output of industrial and firewood were established. The attraction of mass material excluded the selection of the natural series of development. It is replaced with averaged lines of heights and diameters. These two indicators are basic in determining the productivity of plantings of any species. The number of trunks was determined through a constant thinning established according to V. V. Zagreeva and average diameter. The remaining indicators are determined by the formulas known in the taxation. The method of constructing a growth progress table is essentially similar to the method of constructing bit scales of volumes. The difference is that the discharge scales of volumes characterize the dynamics of individual trees by thickness steps, and the table of the course of growth of many trees, but by age classes. The table shows the dynamics of the commodity structure of stands, the maximum of the average growth of business wood is determined, on the basis of which it is concluded that it is advisable to increase the age of felling in spruce stands to 160 years. Based on the growth progress table, a standard table of the sums of cross-section areas and stocks has been developed. A comparison with known standards has been made. The developed standard table practically coincides with a similar standard table constructed for normal spruce plantations of the III class of bonitet growing in the European part of the country. It is concluded that mass inventory materials allowed to reveal a general pattern in the formation of productivity of spruce plantations.

The shape of a tree trunk depends on the various biological properties of a given breed and many factors of the external and internal environment, which act in different directions and are not always taken into account. The study of the shape and full-woodiness of trunks in different regions, depending on the taxation characteristics of stands, allows us to solve many problems related to the accuracy of accounting for the growth of trees and their volume.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the shape of trees on the basis of measurements of model trees on the territory of the Biryusinsky district forestry, to determine the average shape coefficient and the run-off of the trunks of scots pine.

During the analysis and determination of taxation indicators, the average shape of trees by height groups was established, the forming parts of the lower parts of model trees were selected, and the coefficients of the shape and runoff of the trunk of scots pine were established. Diagrams showing the relationship between the coefficients of shape and height from the base of the tree are compiled. For the calculated indicators (absolute diameters and shape coefficients), unified tables are compiled without separation by growing conditions.

The study showed slight differences in the average values of the shape coefficients, which confirms the uniformity of plantings growing in the same conditions. All equations were characterized by a high degree of adequacy.

The final table of the run-off of the lower part of the tree trunks of scots pine is compiled. A decrease in fluidity was observed with an increase in the average diameter.

The run-off table shows the volume of one-meter sections, which is necessary when finding the volume and stock of wood. Determining the volume of trees using shape coefficients greatly simplifies the taxation of the stand.

The data on the variability of seed progeny of trees selected by yield numbers 1,2 and 5 growing in the Kurumkan forestry of Buryatia are presented. The trees are 170–180 years old, height is 20–22 m, trunk diameter is 28–32cm. The level of variability of seeds in size and maturity, indicators of annual and biennial seedlings has been established. The greatest biometric indicators for the size and maturity of seeds were in the offspring of tree No. 2. A significant closeness of the relationship is established between the number of cotyledons and the length of the primary needles; the length of cotyledons and the length of the primary needles; the number and length of primary needles. A moderate relationship has been established between the height, number, length of cotyledons and the length of primary needles; the number and length of cotyledons. Variability in the shape of cotyledons has been established. The largest number of seedlings with sickle-shaped cotyledons were in the offspring of trees No. 5 and No. 1, with straight ones – No. 2. Seedlings grown from seeds collected from tree No. 1 have an excess in height of annual and biennial seedlings, the length of primary needles, the number and length of cotyledons. Among the seed progeny of tree No. 1, fast-growing seedlings and specimens were selected, differing in the development of the assimilation apparatus, including the number and length of cotyledons and primary needles. Observations of these specimens will be continued in order to conduct multiple selection for the cultivation of breeding planting material.

In a number of works, a positive effect on the soil is noted as a result of the replacement of coniferous species by birch. However, according to M. E. Tkachenko, the nature of this influence may be different, depending on climatic and soil-topographical conditions, as well as other factors. Based on this, the main aim of the work was to assess the nature and extent of the impact of pine-birch replacement on soil properties in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk. To achieve this aim, comparative studies of typical carbonate-free medium-loamy dark brown soils in close age (60–65 years) were conducted in a dead-cover pine of artificial origin and a natural sedge-grass birch, formed on the site of a native pine trees cut down in the late 40s of the last century.

The analysis of the obtained results revealed the soil-improving effect of birch forests, manifested in a higher content and reserves of humus, carbon and nitrogen, which is mainly due to higher rates of biological circulation of substances. However, the differences in the content and reserves of phosphorus and potassium, determined by the mineralogical composition of the soils of the studied plantings, are very poorly expressed.

At the same time, brown soils in birch forests contain more absorbed bases, which, combined with better humus content, led to some improvement in the soil structure. This, in turn, determined a slightly lower density and greater overall porosity of the soil, in comparison with pine forest.

Thus, in the conditions of the green zone, birch plantations have a soil-improving effect. In addition, taking into account the state of the atmosphere in Krasnoyarsk and the intensive recreational use of forests in its green zone, birch plantations are very promising, since this tree species is more resistant both to air pollution and soil compaction.

Modern systems of automatic control of the technological process parameters in general and in particular drying of larch lumber in particular make it possible to implement almost any structure of modes. Therefore, three or more stages of drying modes are implemented in modern drying chambers.

 Changing the parameters of the drying agent that circulates through the inter-row channels of the lumber stack causes the transfer of the heat energy of the dried wood and withdrawal of the moisture from the surface of the boards. Thus, changing the rigidity of the drying mode regulates the intensity of moisture emission from wood. To implement this approach, wood is presented not only as a capillary-porous body, but also as a bundle of open microchannels. Then the basic principles of the physics of capillary phenomena are realized here.

As the practice of drying larch lumber shows, this approach does not solve the task. According to the authors of the article, the presented approach does not consider such a phenomenon as the extraction of water-soluble substances in larch lumber with an increase in temperature. As a result, this extraction forms permeate in the surface layers of the board, which significantly changes the mechanism of water emission from wood. The formed permeate layer is the main factor constraining the process of water emission. This article proposes an approach to regulating the parameters of the drying agent of larch lumber. It helps to minimize the negative effect of the extractive substances layer on the intensity of water emission from larch wood.

This work opens a series of articles by the authors on optimizing the number of sections of lumber in a set in order to maximize the economic efficiency of their production. The subject of research is dictated by the fact that at present, in large-scale mass sawmilling, almost everywhere there is a displacement of head log sawing equipment with rigid unregulated stands. It is being replaced by equipment with flexible stands, when for each log the optimal setting is automatically set for each log in accordance with its shape and size. To assess the continuity in optimization issues, we turned to the evolution of posts, starting from the theory of maximum posts and ending with modern methods of generating posts, taking into account random sizes and shapes of sawlogs. For this, algorithms and programs developed by the authors for automated design of optimal set-ups and simulation modeling of the processes of sawing logs into lumber were used. As a result, a comparative tentative assessment of the technical and economic indicators of piece-by-piece optimization of flexible sets and group optimization of sets for sawing batches was carried out. It has been established that the flexible set generated for a particular log after measuring its geometric parameters coincided with the optimal set generated for a batch of logs with the corresponding nominal characteristics. However, due to the peculiarities of the size and shape of the log, the volumetric yield decreased by 3.82 %. This reduction does not indicate that the flexible set is less efficient than the optimal set for a batch of logs, since the structures of these sets are absolutely identical. This indicates that the calculated value of the volume output for a batch of logs is 3.82 % higher than the actual one. That is, there is not a decrease in the volume of lumber received, but an error in its forecasting is revealed. Flexible fittings theoretically have no advantages in terms of volume output over rigid fittings. Their effectiveness lies in the simplification of the process of preparing raw materials for cutting due to a decrease in the fractionality of its sorting by diameters or with a complete rejection of it under certain conditions. These conclusions are staged (hypothetical) in nature. In order to confirm and clarify them, the authors develop special simulation models for conducting deeper and more comprehensive studies of the lumber production process using flexible sets. 

In order to reduce the negative consequences of exposure to pests, as well as to improve the sanitary and forest pathology condition of forests, the Ministry of Forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Krai conducts sanitary logging of dead and bio-damaged wood in affected forest areas. In this regard, the problem of disposal of bio-damaged wood is acute.

This paper shows the possibility of obtaining cellulose from bio-damaged wood. The mechanical strength characteristics of the finished castings, after grinding the fibrous mass on a knife-less grinding plant of the “jet– barrier” type, are analyzed. The conditions for obtaining microcrystalline cellulose from bio-damaged wood are determined.

Samples of Juniperus herbs for their possible use as a source of essential oils were studied. The object of research is wood greens of plants of genus Juniperus (Juniperuscommunis, Juniperussibirica, Juniperussabina) harvested in Bratsk area of Irkutsk region in September 2021. The processes of distillation of essential oil from tree greens of Juniperus genus were studied. The studied processes of essential oils distillation allowed to give preference to the method of hydrodistillation, in which the essential oil has quality parameters close to those of normative documents. The most effective method of obtaining essential oil by hydrodistillation in laboratory conditions from woody herbs of Juniperus genus plants was chosen, the mass fraction of the obtained essential oil was determined and its physical and chemical parameters were studied, which showed that the highest mass fraction of essential oil was found in woody herbs Juniperussibirica. 

The stalks of wheat straw Triticum sp., harvested in the Yemelyanovsky District of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, were delignified by an oxidizing method in two stages. Initially, segments of stalks 2...3 cm long were treated with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid (the first stage). Acetic acid is oxidized to peracetic acid, which in turn oxidizes lignin. Conditions of the oxidizing stage: initial concentration of acetic acid is 36 %, hydrogen peroxide – 12 %, sulfuric acid (catalyst for the formation of peracetic acid) – 0.45 %; hydromodule 3; temperature 85 °C; duration is 2 hours. Then, the semi-cooked product obtained with a yield of 85.8 % in the form of undivided fibers was treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (second stage) to dissolve oxidized lignin. Conditions of the second stage: hydromodule 3; temperature 85 °C; alkali concentration was changed in the range from 2 to 4 %, duration – from 0,5 to 1,5 hours. The dependences of the yield of technical pulp and “non-steam” on variable factors were approximated by second-order regression equations, which were used to graphically represent the results in the form of response surfaces and calculate optimal process conditions by nonlinear mathematical programming. The maximum yield of technical cellulose of 40.2 % in the absence of “non-steam” was obtained at an alkali concentration of 3.6 % and a duration of 1.5 hours.