We studied the correlation interdependence between the phenotypic manifestations of the indicators of the pigment composition of needles in representatives of eleven geographically separated populations of Norway spruce in geographical cultures created in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The object of research is located in the zone of coniferous-broad-leaved forests (the third forest-growing zone) and is included in the area of coniferous-broad-leaved (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation. The forest growing conditions of the area are favorable for Norway spruce. At the stage of field work, typical trees were isolated, the total number of which was 368 pcs. Samples of annual needles were simultaneously selected from each of them. Quantitative estimates of the content of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoids in the photosynthetic apparatus of accounting plants were obtained by the spectrophotometric method using the Wettstein and Holm equations. The mutual dependence in the content and ratio of plastid pigments in the coniferous spruce of the Norway spruce is established. The content of chlorophyll-a is more related to the total amount of green pigments (r = 0.984±0.009) and the presence of chlorophyll-b (r = 0.843±0.028). The content of chlorophyll-b had pronounced correlations with the sum of green pigments (r = 0.927±0.020) and the content of chlorophyll-a (r = 0.843±0.028). The association of carotenoid content with the presence of chlorophyll-a (r = 0.729±0.036) and chlorophyll-b (r = 0.614±0.41) was quite close. The adequacy of the description of the direct line equations of the interdependence between chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b: y = 1,771x + + 0.763 (R2 = 0.7113), between chlorophyll-a and the sum of chlorophylls: y = 0.683x + 0.068 (R2 = 0.9674), as well as between chlorophyll-a and the total number of pigments: y = 0.645x + 0.026; (R2 = 0.9681). The correlation of the characteristics of the pigment composition of the needles of representatives of different populations of Norway spruce in geographical cultures created on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region is quite a stable and statistically reliable indicator in assessing the general physiological state of the studied plants.

The article deals with the development of the legal framework of cadastral registration of forest boundaries. The main problems of development of cartographic base on territorial planning of settlements in part of the forest on the example of the city Krasnoyarsk. An overview of the existing legal framework is provided, and contradictions of this legislation in relation to forest areas are identified. The article also provides illustrative examples of existing problems, using the example of the city Krasnoyarsk. In the final part, some possible set of methodological recommendations for solving land issues in relation to the boundaries of forest areas within the city limits is presented

In the basic documents of the national format, the selective improvement of forests is defined as an important vector of the development of the country's forestry for the period up to 2030, which determines the relevance of scientific work in this direction. This is of paramount importance for the main forest-forming species, which include the Scots pine (Pinus sylwestris L.), which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is a representative of the native flora in the Middle Volga region and the Nizhny Novgorod region. The taxational indicators of plus trees of Scots pine were studied, the clones of which are concentrated on the forest seed plantation No. 36. Its territory is included in the area of coniferous-broadleaf (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation (the zone of coniferous-broadleaf forests), and according to forest-seed zoning it is included in the second forest-seed area of the specified breed. The methodology is maintained in compliance with the principle of a single logical difference, based on the requirements for typicality, suitability, reliability, optimality and expediency of the experience. The work was carried out by a field stationary method with a continuous sub-tree list of taxation indicators. A pronounced phenotypic heterogeneity of the clone composition of plus trees was established, which manifested itself both between their vegetative offspring and within the latter. In terms of trunk height, the average values ranged from 103.02±7.26 cm to 151.90±7.24 cm, and the generalized average was 129.29±1.12 cm. By trunk diameter, the largest average was 32.84±2.14 mm, the smallest was 19.07±1.37 mm, the generalized average was 28.04±0.30 mm. The height of the trunk is more correlated with its diameter at the root neck: r±mr = 0.891±0.010 at tr = 90.70, which corresponds to a positive, reliable and high closeness of the connection on the Cheddock scale. Univariate analysis of variance confirmed the significance of the detected phenotypic differences between the plus trees. The effect of the influence of inter-clones differences is weakly expressed, its largest value (3.33±2.27 %) is marked by the intensity of the growth of the tree, and the smallest (3.13±2.28 %) is fixed by the height of the trunk.

Global transformations of the natural environment are associated with the most vulnerable components of nature – water, forests. The construction of large hydroelectric power plants (HPP) on wooded lands, including coniferous wood, has a particular impact on the environment and the creation of environmental problems. The share of HPP in the structure of energy supply in Russia accounts for only 23,3 %, and the development of economically efficient hydropower resources is about 20 %, which is the lowest level among developed and developing countries. The economically efficient hydropower potential of Siberian rivers is used by 29,5 %, the Far East – by 6.9 % [1]. Therefore, in accordance with the «Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030», it was planned to build a number of large HPP to develop the unused potential of Siberian rivers. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, promising HPP are Nizhneboguchanskaya, Motyginskaya on the Angara River, Evenkyskaya with a counterregulator on the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River and Nizhne-Kureiskaya on the Kureika River [2]; in the Far East – the construction of four flood-proof dams on the tributaries of the Amur within the framework of an agreement between PJSC RusHydro and the Chinese corporation Three Gorges [3]. In the newly adopted «Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2035» [14], the names of future HPP are excluded, but this does not mean that HPP that were previously forecasted for design and construction will be excluded from the list. New objects and the order of construction of the HPP may appear. The prospective development of hydropower resources is one of the condition in ensuring the national security of Russia. HPP reservoirs on wooded lands in the process of their construction and operation create certain risks for the surrounding natural and social environment: the movement of huge masses of soil during the construction of dams; abrasion processes on the banks of reservoirs; migration of floating coniferous wood pulp and peat fields; loss of forest resources; risks of deterioration of fresh water quality in reservoirs of HPP. The purpose of the presented studies is to assess the degree of significance and the likelihood of adverse impacts on the environment from the creation of reservoirs on forest lands. The presented research findings were obtained on the basis of many years of research and design work of employees of the Department of Transport, Construction and Water Use of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology

The forestry and taxation assessment of Siberian cedar pine crops created by nesting under the canopy of an aspen stand in the suburban area of Krasnoyarsk in 1963 was carried out. The average size of trees depends on their number in one planting place – with a decrease in the safety of plants in the “nest”, the average height and diameter of the remaining trees increase by the biological 58-year age. The sizes of the trees leading in the planting places (of the first rank) correspond to the first class of bonitet and are characterized by low variability in all variants, regardless of the safety of plants in the “nest”.
The indicators of the selection coefficient and the relative height of the Siberian cedar pine trees, characterizing the condition of the trees in the “nests”, are calculated. The selection coefficient differs in large values with greater preservation of trees in one planting site, but less variability, which indicates a decrease in competition between trees of dense “nests”, growing under better light conditions than “nests” in which, due to low light conditions, fewer trees were preserved.
It was found that Siberian pine trees growing under a canopy of less complete forests are characterized by the largest sizes.

Despite the enormous covered areas and huge ecological significance, the processes of Japanese stone pine (Pinus pumila Regel) natural regeneration in connection with the influence of different biotic factors, compared to other woodland arborous kinds have been studied to a lesser extent. Analysis of the relationship between the number of annually appearing Japanese stone pine seedlings and cone yields over a twelve-year period was carried out in Southern Yakutia. To reconstruct the initial number of one-year seedlings of Japanese stone pine, a survival curve of its undergrowth was proposed. Using its coefficients and based on the age structure of the preserved undergrowth in the glades of maternal thickets, the dynamics of the number of generations of annual Japanese stone pine seedlings over the period under consideration was reconstructed. With a relatively smooth four-year cyclical dynamics of the yields of Japanese stone pine cones and significant fluctuations in some years of the reconstructed number of annual seedlings in this region, a reliable close connection their number with the yields of cones in the previous year was revealed

The cultivation results of forty-two years-old experimental crops of European spruce (Picea abies L.) with different planting density in the Spassky forestry district of the Volokolamsk branch of State treasury institution “Mosoblles” in the north-western suburbs are presented. The object was planted with 2-year-old seedlings on plowed soil in the spring of one thousand nine hundred and seventy six in rows in the direction of NNE-South-Southwest. The range of planting density is from 2.6 to 20.8 thousand individuals per 1 he. The planting step (0.6 m) is a constant value (constant) on all five sections, while the row spacing varies from 0.8 to 6.4 m sections, there were no felling of spruce trees (even dead specimens were not removed). Crops on section D with the placement of planting places 6.4×0.6 m have the highest preservation (72.3 %), while with the placement of 0.8×0.6 m (section A) it was 11.7 %, which is 6.2 times less. However, a more objective and striking comparison has an absolute mortality: in section A it amounted to 18.4 thousand plants per hectare, and in section D only 0.7 thousand plants. Despite the overcrowding of forest cultures in sections A and B, the total area of crown projections (taking into account their overlap) did not exceed that in the extreme variants (D and E), where the crowns could develop much more freely, reaching maximum values in the average area of the crown projection of one wood. In general, in terms of silvicultural effect, the most successful was the artificial planting on section B with a planting density of 5.2 thousand pieces seedlings per 1 he and placement of planting places 3.2×0.6 m.

The climate system of the planet is gradually losing its stationarity, as a result of which climatic excesses are becoming more frequent, and climatic scenarios are becoming unpredictable. Predictive scenarios of vegetation change based on process-based models do not provide a clear understanding of whether the biota of the planet is a source or a carbon storage. Empirical modeling of the biomass of trees and stands by regression analysis based on “Big Data” has promising prospects, especially with the use of remote sensing technologies. The contribution of root biomass to the overall biological productivity of forest cover is the least studied. In this paper, statistically significant allometric models of root biomass depending on the tree height and the crown diameter have been developed on the basis of the compiled database on the harvest biomass of the roots of 897 sample trees of six forest-forming genera of Eurasia. The dependence of the root biomass of equal–sized trees on winter temperature, described by a descending curve for larches and firs, and an ascending curve for birches and beeches, has been established. The biomass of roots in pines and oaks is related only to the crown diameter and the tree height, and the change in zonal temperature does not affect this relationship. The contribution of crown diameter, tree height and January temperature to the explanation of root biomass variability is 38, 39 and 23 %, respectively. The proposed allometric models can be used to estimate the biomass of roots of forest-forming genera of Eurasia based on aerial laser sensing

Improving the energy-saving qualities of housing and communal construction projects is an important task facing the developers of promising construction materials, designers, builders and operators of these facilities. This task is especially relevant for individual low-rise construction using relatively inexpensive building materials from local raw materials. Wood-cement composites make it possible not only to erect enclosing structures with high thermal performance, but also to efficiently dispose of wood waste from sawmilling and woodworking. Accordingly, the problem of environmentally friendly integrated use of wood raw materials is being solved. In the course of the research, the influence of heat-conducting inclusions in the form of steel fasteners on the indicators of the thermal efficiency of enclosing structures made of wood-cement composite (arbolite and sawdust concrete) was determined. The work was based on the use of physical modeling methods (finite element method) implemented in the Elcut software package. The influence of heat-conducting inclusions in the form of metal fasteners on the heat losses of the enclosing structure made of wood-cement composite is very significant and reaches 43...58 % of the value of the heat losses of the structure without heat-conducting inclusions. Metal fasteners, having a temperature below the dew point temperature, are intensively moistened, corroded and contribute to moistening of structural elements in contact with them, which creates the prerequisites for the development of mold and fungi. The results obtained can be used in the design and operation of building structures made of wood-cement composites

Currently, the most hard-to-repair defect of wood boards is their warping, which can be caused by many factors. The main ways to eliminate the warping of wood boards are considered. Previous studies have established that the value of the final warping is determined by the density, format, thickness of the board and the period that has passed since its manufacture. It is established that warpage caused by compensation of internal stresses generated during the piezo-heat treatment proceeds exponentially with an average value of the time constant of 10.5 minutes. One of the active ways to eliminate warping is considered, which consists in one-sided wetting of the surface of the initial briquette, depending on the size and direction of the arrow of the deflection of the made board. Taking into account the corrections for density, format, thickness of the manufactured board and the time of measuring the arrow of its deflection, an expression is obtained that establishes the amount of moisture per 1 m 2 of the surface of the chip package to completely compensate for warp. In the experiment, the deflection of the wood board, purposefully created by the temperature imbalance of the pressing surfaces of the laboratory press, was compensated by the reverse deflection resulting from the controlled imbalance of the surface moisture of the chip mat. Experimental results are presented that confirm the theoretical calculations obtained. The purpose of the study is to obtain a methodology acceptable for practice to eliminate warping of wood boards in the most easily implemented way – by calculated preliminary wetting of one of the surfaces of the formed chip mat. The considered method of eliminating the warping of wood-based boards is easy to automate in the presence or after installation of plate sagging sensors and two aerosol sprays in the line

There are known designs of maneuverable vehicles, in which all the wheels are pivoting and active, which complicates the design of the running system. The design of a highly maneuverable traction vehicle was proposed, which has only two diagonally located active wheels, they are also rotary. The other two wheels, also located diagonally, are self-aligning and active with the possibility of disabling the drive. For the design of such a highly maneuverable vehicle, a patent of the Russian Federation for No. 2006410 was obtained by one of the authors of the article.
Based on the proposed design solution, the calculated scheme of vehicle rotation is performed and the effect of the traction forces of self-aligning wheels is considered on its basis. The dependences of the influence of the steering angles of the controlled wheels on the radii and angles of rotation of the self-aligning wheels, as well as the lengths of the rods connecting the self-aligning wheels with their vertical hinges, are formulated. Using the obtained dependencies, it is possible to determine the parameters of the running system and the action of the traction forces of a highly maneuverable vehicle.
The components of the traction forces of the self-aligning wheels lying in the planes of the controlled wheels depend on the angles of rotation of the controlled wheels and the lengths of the rods connecting the self-aligning wheels with the corresponding vertical hinges.
With an increase in the angles of rotation of the controlled wheels and the lengths of the rods connecting the selfaligning wheels with the corresponding vertical hinges, the components of the traction forces of the self-aligning wheels perpendicular to the planes of the controlled wheels increase. A further increase in the components of the traction forces on these wheels can lead to skidding of the already controlled wheels.
The results of theoretical studies can be used to calculate the geometric parameters of the running system of a highly maneuverable vehicle with a diagonal arrangement of controlled and self-aligning wheels