The paper contains theses on the relevance of developing typical landscape projects with the participation of coniferous plants for use in the improvement of various categories of urbanized landscape objects using the example of Krasnoyarsk. Relevance is due to one of the most important tasks of landscape design – creating a harmonious environment and reducing the influence of a number of factors that negatively affect the state of human health. The factors from which each element is selected when creating a typical landscape project are shown. These include scale, color solutions, the ratio of forms and textures of landscape and architectural elements of the composition.

It is proposed to design typical landscape compositions with the participation of coniferous plants as well-thought out schemes – modules that can be taken as a basis and strictly follow them when designing landscaping. Using typical landscape projects as a basis, you can add personalities to each new object by adding additional semantic decorative elements using different combinations of plants and design materials.

The article provides information that all landscaped territories included in the planning structure of the city are classified into categories and types. The need to consider the requirements for the improvement of various categories of objects of the urban landscape is shown. When forming the landscape, the ecological principle of plant selection is a priority. It is also necessary to consider the natural and climatic conditions of the region, the specific place of planting. In addition, environmental indicators of the Territory should be considered, especially in the urbanized landscape.

Brief data are given on the features of the climate and environmental conditions of Krasnoyarsk, as a result of which it is necessary to use coniferous plants in landscaping Siberian cities. Listed are the problems and solutions associated with the participation of coniferous plants in urban landscaping. The article provides illustrations of examples of typical landscape compositions involving coniferous plants.

The article presents the comparative data of development and growth, formation of phytomass of seedlings of Siberian cedar pine with a closed root system during the first year of cultivation in the greenhouse of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. Substrates of different composition, the basis of which was neutral peat (pH = 7) or coconut substrate, were used for the cultivation of seedlings. Vermiculite and/or perlite were added to the substrates in concentrations of 5 and 12 %. Seeds of Siberian cedar pine were collected in the Yemelyanovsky forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, subjected to trench stratification. Sowing was carried out in June 2021.

During the first growing season, the length of cotyledons, the primary needles of seedlings, the formed apical buds of seedlings, as well as the height and diameter of the stem at the neck of the root of seedlings and their phytomass, were studied.

As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the composition of the substrate influences the linear dimensions and phytomass of the aboveground and underground parts of plants. Large stem sizes are noted on substrates of pure neutral peat, peat mixtures with 5 % perlite and 5 % vermiculite, and coconut substrate with 12% vermiculite. The lag of linear dimensions was revealed in seedlings grown on a pure coconut substrate and peat mixture with the addition of 12 % perlite. Seedlings growing on peat substrates form by the end of the first growing season a root system of smaller size and weight than on substrates, the main component of which is coconut.

The assessment of the preservation and growth of spruce crops created by seedlings with a closed root system, as well as their intraspecific variability of apical shoot growth, was carried out. The object of research is the European spruce crops in the Gryazovetsky district of the Vologda Oblast in acidic conditions of the place of growth. Forest crops were created in 2014 and 2017 by oneand two-year-old seedlings of European spruce with a closed root system with improved hereditary properties with the same tillage technology. The composition of the studied plantings includes from 2 to 4 units of cultivated rock. The studied spruce crops are characterized by intensive growth and good preservation, which determines the effectiveness of using this technology. A decrease in the level of variation in the growth of the apical shoot with age is characteristic for all the surveyed areas. The correlation ratio (η = 0.93) indicates a very high dependence of the fluctuation of growth on the age of plants. The decrease in the level of variability of growth in the phase of individual growth is primarily due to the absence of shading by woody and herbaceous vegetation, which, in turn, is also due to the high intensity of crop growth in combination with timely care. These studies allow us to recommend activating the transition of reforestation to the technology of creating spruce crops with a closed root system.

The methodology of construction of the growth progress table for a separate tree stand belonging to the category of single-age and highly productive is considered. The usual methods of studying the course of growth in this case cannot be applied. The exception is the historical method. In the absence of long-term observations, the dendrochronological method was used. According to the analysis of age cores, the growth course in diameter was restored. Through the diameter and number of barrels, the sum of the cross sections is determined. The number of barrels is calculated through a cutting constant. For larch, it is determined from the tables of the growth of normal larch plantations, for spruce. The species number is taken from the directory of the taxator of the Far East. This indicator is not characterized by high variability. The height growth course is determined by the analysis of the trunk for the growth course of two model trees. The remaining indicators were calculated according to commonly known formulas of forest taxation. For cores, the association of radial growth of 30 years with radial growth at other ages is determined. On one trial area, this connection can be traced to 90 years, on the other – to 60 years. After 110 years, the diameter increase in spruce is higher than in larch. In the future, it is possible to change the plantation to the dark coniferous formation. For another trial area, growth features were not studied due to the not high age of planting. The first structural restructuring of the larch occurred at the age of 20. The reason was the active natural decimation of lagging larch trees. Indirectly, this is confirmed by the change of asymmetry signs in larch after this age. Spruce in the process of optimizing the number of larch trunks took an indirect part, being in the stage of undergrowth. It did not have such a transition. Due to the preservation of the long building time, the tree has achieved maximum productivity in diameter, close to the optimal. The maximum average growth in woodland was recorded at the age of 90 years. Per year, it grew to 9.3 m3ha–1. Quantitative ripeness in larch occurred at the age of 90, in spruce – at 130. For two breeds, the maximum average increase in total productivity is observed at 90 years, and separately for larch – at 70 years. The woodland is characterized by a tendency to change the rock structure towards the dark-tailed taiga. This is also indicated by the lack of undergrowth of larch. Increased closeness in the woodland was maintained until the age of quantitative ripeness. After this age, the tree moved to the climax stage, which for larch will end at 190 years old.

In the basic documents of the national format, the selective improvement of forests is defined as an important vector of the development of the country's forestry for the period up to 2030, which determines the relevance of scientific work in this direction. This is of paramount importance for the main forest-forming species, which include the Scots pine (Pinus sylwestris L.), which is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is a representative of the native flora in the Middle Volga region and the Nizhny Novgorod region. The taxational indicators of plus trees of Scots pine were studied, the clones of which are concentrated on the forest seed plantation No. 36. Its territory is included in the area of coniferous-broadleaf (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation (the zone of coniferous-broadleaf forests), and according to forest-seed zoning it is included in the second forest-seed area of the specified breed. The methodology is maintained in compliance with the principle of a single logical difference, based on the requirements for typicality, suitability, reliability, optimality and expediency of the experience. The work was carried out by a field stationary method with a continuous sub-tree list of taxation indicators. A pronounced phenotypic heterogeneity of the clone composition of plus trees was established, which manifested itself both between their vegetative offspring and within the latter. In terms of trunk height, the average values ranged from 103.02±7.26 cm to 151.90±7.24 cm, and the generalized average was 129.29±1.12 cm. By trunk diameter, the largest average was 32.84±2.14 mm, the smallest was 19.07±1.37 mm, the generalized average was 28.04±0.30 mm. The height of the trunk is more correlated with its diameter at the root neck: r±mr = 0.891±0.010 at tr = 90.70, which corresponds to a positive, reliable and high closeness of the connection on the Cheddock scale. Univariate analysis of variance confirmed the significance of the detected phenotypic differences between the plus trees. The effect of the influence of inter-clones differences is weakly expressed, its largest value (3.33±2.27 %) is marked by the intensity of the growth of the tree, and the smallest (3.13±2.28 %) is fixed by the height of the trunk.

To study the dynamics of taxational specifications, a typological method was chosen; this approach was based on the principles of dynamic typology. The material was selected according to forest types, on the basis of which the averaged characteristics of the dynamics of taxational characters with age were calculated with the use of graphical or analytical interpretation.

The study object is pine modal stands growing in the in the Karaulnoye district forestry of the training and experimental forestry at Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science & Technology.

The study was conducted in two types of forest:

• greenmoss pine forest representing a primary forest type;
• sedge-grass pine forest representing a nominally primary forest

As a result of the conducted research, both data of forest management and the materials collected through studies have been elucidated and analyzed. It is established that over time the primary type of forest (greenmoss) transitions into a nominally primary forest type (sedge-grass). As a result, these types of forest were combined, and for them, as for one single type of forest, a yield table was compiled. In the course of the analysis of dynamics of the basic taxational specifications, such as height, diameter and standing volume, it is established that the data on Karaulnoye forestry surpass the values on known standards of the table by N. E. Supriyanovich. This indicates that the stands being studied are more productive than the stands of the Angara region.

The table can serve as an initial basis for the characteristics of growth, increment and productivity of pine forests for forest conditions of the riparian part of the Yenisei River.

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of Siberian cedar pine are given: storage, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with trace elements and growth stimulants, their irradiation with Rengen rays, additional lighting of seedlings, cuttings, creation of plantations with clones, half-siblings, offspring of different geographical origin. The obtained results were used in the development of GOST, OSTs, RTS, recommendations, creation of databases. The research was carried out at experimental sites in the Educational and Experimental Forestry of SibSU, the Yermakovsky Forestry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as other forestries in Siberia on the basis of generally accepted methods in forestry production. Optimal conditions for long-term storage of seeds, the use of stimulants, trace elements when growing planting material were revealed. Additional illumination of seedlings, the use of light filters of specific spectral composition are proposed. The agricultural technique of growing planting material in nurseries of Siberia, the influence of the size of planting material on the survival rate and growth of plants in forest crops are analyzed. The growth of Siberian cedar pine on the root of Scots pine and Siberian cedar pine was tested. The variability of ramets and semisiblings of plus trees certified by seed and trunk productivity was studied. The influence of buckthorn buckthorn on the growth and seed production of Siberian cedar pine of different geographical origin was established, the offspring of populations characterized by intensive growth and early reproductive development were selected.

The article presents software-technical and methodological solutions recommended for use in the collection of primary data on urban plantings in the framework of research in the field of studying the distribution, condition, growth and landscape-decorative properties of plants in an urbanized environment. The proposed method is based on the use of the capabilities of cartographic web services, multifunctional mobile devices and applications to obtain data on the location and taxation characteristics of plantings in application to various types of landscaping objects. The thesis about the sufficiency of the information available on the photo images for the primary taxational assessment of urban plantings in order to plan detailed studies is put forward. The possibilities of the proposed methodology and software and hardware complex for improving the productivity of the data collection process, the accuracy and objectivity of information, and reducing costs at the stages of field and desk work are substantiated.

Today, human society is faced with problems of a global scale, as a result of which the priorities of environmental research are shifting to the macro-scale level, and ecology is entering the era of “big data”. The authors have created a database of 1550 model Picea spp. trees with measured indicators of tree height, crown width and aboveground biomass growing in the territory of Eurasia. Regression models for aboveground biomass components are calculated, including crown width, tree height, and two climate indicators as independent variables. Based on the theory of spacefor-time substitution, the obtained patterns of changes in aboveground biomass in the territorial climatic gradients of Eurasia are used to predict changes in biomass due to climate shifts. In accordance with the law of the limiting factor by Liebig, it is established that in sufficiently moisture-rich climatic zones, an increase in temperature by 1°C with a constant amount of precipitation causes an increase in biomass, and in water-deficient zones – its decrease; in warm climatic zones, a decrease in precipitation by 100 mm at a constant average January temperature causes a decrease in biomass, and in cold climatic zones – its increase.

The article presents the results of variability of microsatellite loci of nuclear DNA of clone progeny of Siberian cedar pine trees 91/55, 94/58 and 100/64, growing on the grafting plantation of the Sentry district Forestry of the Educational and Experimental Forestry of the Reshetnev University (south of Central Siberia).

Based on the research results, 8 stable and reliable primers have been selected by polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. DNA genotypes of Siberian cedar pine samples have been identified. The probability of a random coincidence of alleles in unrelated genotypes was 1.5×10^–6. 4 common DNA profiles were identified.

The wood of Siberian larch, due to the significant reserves available in the Siberian region, is a promising object for modification. However, because of the low permeability of wood, its impregnation with modifying compositions is practically impossible. The research presents the results of studies aimed at increasing the permeability of the heartwood of Siberian larch as a result of exposure to microwave radiation.

Experimental studies were carried out on wood samples with dimensions of 50×50×150 mm (the latter along the fibers) made from freshly cut heartwood of Siberian larch with an initial moisture content of 55 %. Microwave wood processing was carried out in a microwave chamber at a frequency of 2.45 GHz with the fixed power of 0.9 kW. The duration of microwave processing was 270 s and 330 s.

After microwave treatment, the wood was impregnated in an autoclave at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 40 minutes. To simulate the processes occurring in assortment of industrial sizes, the ends of some samples were sealed. An aqueous solution of FeSO4 was used as the impregnating composition.

The obtained experimental data show that microwave processing of larch wood can effectively increase the permeability of wood both along and across fibers. In the course of research, it was found that microwave treatment provides an 2.5–2.6 times increase in the absorption of the impregnating solution by wood, and the depth of impregnation across the fibers by 2.3 times. When impregnating short assortments, microwave processing allows achieving thorough impregnation of wood. Excessive microwave processing may cause the wood to break along the fibers.

The paper presents the results of research aimed at investigating the influence of unsteady load conditions on the dynamic characteristics of a diesel automotive engine of a timber transporting machine. The methodology of semi-fullscale tests of a diesel engine and a laboratory experimental installation for studying the influence of unsteady engine operating modes on its output parameters (M_e(f), ω(f), h(f), P_o, t_eg) is offered. The results of researching the influence of the engine unsteady load and speed modes on the output parameters are presented. It is established that for the YaMZ238NB engine, there is a frequency range (f = 0.7...0.9 Hz) of changes in the moment of resistance Mr on the crankshaft, in which the maximum deviation of the main parameters from their average values in comparable steady-state modes is possible. On the basis of the analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the fuel pump rack oscillations, it is found that in this frequency range (f = 0.7...0.9 Hz) of the Mr change the frequencies of forced oscillations coincide with the natural frequency of the governor's sensitive organ, which brings the engine-governor system to a resonant state

The task of reducing energy consumption and operating costs of buildings and structures is a prerequisite for the development of energy-saving technologies and materials. Increased energy efficiency is achieved by reducing heat loss through envelope structures. The technology for the production of wood-cement composite materials is of great importance from an engineering point of view, as well as a technology for the disposal of wood waste, which has environmental attractiveness. In the course of the research, the specific heat losses through the envelope structure and the thermal resistance of the envelope structure made of wood-cement composite in the form of sawdust concrete and arbolite were determined, as well as the influence on the thermal efficiency of the presence of isolated air cavities and inclusions from extruded polystyrene foam in the wall massif. The study was carried out using the Elcut software package. The obtained values of the specific heat losses of the design structure are from 19.5 to 51 W / (m² •·°С), the value of the heat transfer resistance of the envelope structure is 1.07 to 2.9 (m² ·°С) / W, the indicators depend on the operating conditions and version (one-piece body of the structure, air cavities or inserts from extruded polystyrene foam). The results obtained can be used in the design and operation of building structures.

The development of computer technology has a significant impact on all spheres of human activity, making his life easier. At the same time, not only the hardware component is being improved, but also the software, including computer-aided design systems that can facilitate the engineer's work not only in developing design documentation, but also in performing time-consuming strength calculations of any complexity. SolidWorks is designed to solve such problems. In addition, the use of specialized structural analysis tools SolidWorks Simulation, SolidWorks Motion and others will significantly lighten the engineer's mental work by eliminating monotonous arithmetic calculations.

The object of study of this scientific work is the frame of a greenhouse for growing seedlings with a closed root system. The subject of the study is the stresses arising in the structure of the greenhouse under the influence of snow load and gravity. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the design parameters of the greenhouse frame for growing seedlings with the closed system based on the analysis of loads and stresses arising in its elements under the influence of the weight of structural elements and snow impacts to ensure the necessary and sufficient strength by the method of solid modeling.

In the process of work, a study of the model of the greenhouse frame for growing seedlings with the closed root system is carried out in order to optimize the design. As a result of the study, the following are determined: maximum stresses arising on the greenhouse framework under the influence of snow load; the most loaded places of the structure. Recommendations for design optimization are given.