Оценка архитектоники и биомассы корней деревьев с помощью георадара (обзор зарубежной литературы)

Леса являются важным поставщиком экологических услуг для смягчения последствий изменения климата. Оценка распределения их биомассы на планете важна для определения масштабов связывания углерода, моделирования биогеохимических циклов и понимания последствий антропогенной деятельности. Подземная биомасса составляет 40 % от общей биомассы планеты и оценивается примерно в 230 Гт в углеродном эквиваленте. Архитектоника корней облегчает адаптацию растений к стрессовым условиям окружающей среды и поддерживает экологические функции посредством морфологической дифференциации и стратегий динамического роста. Оценка биомассы скелетных корней как важного элемента углеродного баланса экосистемы, показала положительную корреляцию с повышенной концентрацией CO2, и это означает, что точная количественная оценка биомассы скелетных корней имеет решающее значение для прогнозирования влияния будущего изменения климата на глобальную динамику выбросов углерода. Однако существующие приемы раскопок корней трудоемки и деструктивны в отношении корней и почв. В последние десятилетия были разработаны методы неразрушающего анализа скелетных корней посредством георадарной радиолокации. В предлагаемом обзоре анализируются методы оценки архитектоники корневых систем, диаметра корней и их биомассы с помощью георадара. Показано, что с помощью георадара можно оценивать архитектонику и биомассу скелетных корней деревьев с достаточной точностью и с несопоставимо меньшими затратами времени и труда по сравнению с традиционной раскопкой. Однако метод георадара имеет существенный недостаток, который состоит в невозможности оценки биомассы тонких корней, а также в занижении биомассы корней деревьев, произрастающих на влажных почвах, и корней, проникающих на глубину более 50–60 см. 

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