The results of comparison of low-temperature exotherms and endotherm during freezing and melting water in the tissues of 2-year-old needles in some species of coniferous trees

The results of a comparative study of evergreen coniferous species of Siberia (Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour., Pinus sylvestris L., Abis sibirica Ledeb.) are described in terms of low-temperature exotherms and endotherms during freezing to –80 ºС and thawing of 2-year-old needles carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It has been established that the needles of the trees of the listed species, collected in early-mid-autumn, differ both in temperature of the beginning and end of water crystallization, and in temperature of the beginning of ice melting, the amount of released and absorbed heat, and the amount of bound water. Individual variability of the needles of the listed tree species was estimated in terms of the temperatures of the beginning, peaks, and end of water crystallization during its cooling, as well as the temperatures of the beginning, peak, and end of ice melting during heating. General character of changes in the DSC profiles of most of the samples when they are cooled to –80 ºС is noted. In the samples, 2 exothermic peaks were observed more often, than 1 or 3–5 peaks. Analysis of the data indicates a continuous rapid crystallization of water in 2–3 different tissues of needles at sample cooling rate 10 ºС min–1. Differences in heat absorption temperatures during ice melting in the samples, on the whole, are consistent with the noted differences in the temperatures of heat release during crystallization of solutions. A higher physiological frost resistance was found in the needles of Siberian spruce and Siberian fir, as well as Scots pine trees from Yakutia. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of using the DSC variant with a fast-cooling rate to assess the frost resistance of trees, which makes it possible to increase the sample size of trees.

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