Seed production dynamics of siberian and european spruce in forest cultures of the second age class beginning in the Middle Urals

The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of seed production and cone yield of the different species of spruce in the forest cultures of the second age class beginning. The objects of the research were 19-31-year-old cultures of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) and European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in three forest types in the southern taiga forests of the Middle Urals. Twelve years after the cutting of the all natural regeneration trees and thinning of the forest cultures, the greatest trunk growth in both species of spruce was noted in the forest type of spruce mixed grasses with green mosses and the smallest in the forest type of spruce-pine-berry. In all forest types the European spruce crown volume was larger than the Siberian spruce has. After clearing an increase of the fruit-bearing spruce trees proportion of both types was noted from the third year, and the cones yield increased with an increase in the size of the crown upper part.

In the year of the maximum number of fruit-bearing trees, their share with cones yield scores of 4.5.6 (together) in the forest type of spruce mixed grasses with green mosses was 41 % for Siberian spruce, 61 % in the forest type of spruce-pine grass, it was 63 % in the forest type of spruce-pine-berry; for European spruce, 45, 43 and 45 %, respectively.

The cone yield is significantly affected by weather conditions; prolonged drought in the summer months reduces the number of trees with generative organs and the cone yield. One Siberian spruce cone contained 84–223 seeds, whileone European spruce cone contained 116–273 seeds. The share of healthy seeds from them in the first spruce was 46– 62 % of all seeds, and in the second, 39–58 %. The total weight of healthy seeds of both spruce species in 30-year-old crops in 2015 was 4.0–6.5 kg/ha. Forest cultures of Siberian and European spruce have height which corresponds to I and II quality classes. It is possible to organize a permanent forest seed base here for the purpose of harvesting cones (seeds). A specific method of thinning for each forest type is proposed.

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