Development of import-substituting equipment for precise seeding for growing seedlings with a closed root system

At present, a promising direction is the cultivation of planting material with a closed root system (PMCRS) and its use to create forest crops. Modern technologies for growing seedlings with a closed root system allow saving coniferous seeds by 10–20 times compared to sowing in open ground. When using this technology for growing planting material, the main current trends are: precise sowing of seeds, efficient use of film greenhouses, technologies and equipment for sowing seeds and caring for seedlings, rational use of seeds, mechanization of the process of planting forest crops and further care for them. The main device of this complex is the equipment for sowing seeds. The article presents an analytical review of existing analogues of seeders for sowing seeds in cassettes. The principle of operation of the seeder is to use a vacuum seed capture. For reliable capture of one seed at the capture point in the hollow shaft, the holes are made at the seed capture points. They are able to capture only one seed by vacuum inside the shaft. That reduces the likelihood of accidental capture of two or more seeds and ensure the sowing of a given number of seeds in each well. When seed is dropped from the gripper points of the shaft into the Seed Collector with Distribution Tubes, the vacuum holding the seed is replaced by positive pressure, which allows the seed to be released and the gripper holes in the shaft to be blown out. The article presents a 3D Model of the complete seeder and 3D Models of individual devices, an experimental sample of the precision seeding device, a control unit for the precision seeding device. Based on the results of the work carried out, the design and optimal parameters of the device for precise seeding of seeds in cassettes for growing seedlings with CRS were determined, compressed air consumption was minimized, and the operating speed was increased (one sowing cycle in 3 seconds) which makes it possible to achieve a line capacity of up to 1200 cassettes per hour (100 thousand seeds per hour), which exceeds foreign and domestic analogues. 

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