Evaluation of the stability of development of the assimilation apparatus of drooping birch using dendroindication methods (using the example of public gardens in Krasnoyarsk)

The role of green spaces, and individual species in particular, in improving the environmental comfort of the urban environment is generally recognized. Due to the significant heterogeneity of anthropogenic impact and its specific characteristics within the urban environment, the introduction of specific types of woody vegetation into landscaping practices should be preceded by a comprehensive assessment of their adaptability to local conditions and types of plantings. Recommendations for the large-scale use of dendroflora are possible only after a detailed study of plant resistance to the existing technogenic load in specific urban biotopes. Taking into account the specifics of pollution and the category of plantings is a prerequisite for the successful introduction and sustainable development of woody plants in an urbanized environment. A method is proposed for determining the assessment of the quality of plant growing conditions based on the asymmetry of the area of halves of leaf blades of woody plants. The object of the study was middle-aged silver birch plants, located in the same conditions in terms of illumination and humidity, but with different intensities of anthropogenic load. To assess the sustainability of Betula pendula development, two criteria were used: the asymmetry coefficient determined by five leaf parameters, and the asymmetry index calculated based on the area of leaf halves using the methods of V. M. Zakharov [Zakharov, 1987] and a modified author's method.

Analysis of the correlation between the area of leaf blades and the degree of environmental pollution demonstrated a general tendency towards a decrease in the stability of development. Statistically significant inverse correlations were found: an increase in technogenic load leads to a decrease in the area of Betula pendula leaf blades and an increase in their asymmetry.

The results obtained indicate that the developed and tested bioindication method based on the analysis of leaf blade asymmetry through the ratio of the areas of their halves correctly reflects the changes occurring in the environment. This method can be recommended for the prompt assessment of the quality of the urban environment as part of environmental monitoring. 

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