Assessment of forest machine tracks operability on the slope of thawing soil taking into account manoeuvring of the vehicle

The productivity of skidding systems is greatly influenced by the average skidding distance, which is determined by the size of the cutting area, the location of the upper warehouse (loading point), the accepted scheme for the development of the cutting area, and the bearing capacity of soils. This indicator affects the coefficient of track lengthening due to maneuvering. All other things being equal, the lower the bearing capacity of the soils, the more maneuvering is required, the greater the average skidding distance becomes, the lower the productivity and the greater the specific energy intensity of the work. It is known that when working on low-bearing soils, skidding tractors are forced to tack up to 70 % of the entire cargo runtime. At the same time, the impact of maneuvering forest vehicles and skidding systems on slopes on permafrost has not yet been given due attention, although it is obvious that this significantly affects their environmental and operational efficiency. The article shows that special attention to the choice of the directions  of the skidding lines and technological corridors in terms of possible maneuvering of the vehicle should be paid to the working conditions on steep and very steep slopes, regulating the minimum deviations from the main direction  of movement of the forest machine or skidding system. It is proved that when planning logging operations on the slopes of thawing soils, the hydro geological and technical services of forestry enterprises and forestry organizations need to zone the sites according to the moisture criterion and classify them. In addition, it has been established that for each category of sites it is necessary to assess the operability of traffic routes-skidding lines and technological corridors, indicating the permissible ranges of track depth and maneuvering angle of forest vehicles or skidding systems. 

1. Obosnovanie ce-lesoobraznosti ispol’zovaniya beschokernyh trelevochnyh traktorov na lesosechnyh rabotah / A. I. Pomigueva, O. A. Kunickaya, A. S. Shvecov [et al.] // Vestnik AGATU. 2024. № 3 (15). S. 44–102.

2. Skobcov I. G., Kunickaya O. A. Trebovaniya standartov po bezopasnosti pri rabote na lesnyh mashinah // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2022. № 1. S. 51–56.

3. Skobcov I. G., Kunickaya O. A. Obzor konstruktivnyh reshenij zashchitnyh ustrojstv kabin lesnyh mashin // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2022. № 1. S. 60–69.

4. Skobcov I. G., Kunickaya O. A. Issledovanie dinamicheskih nagruzok, dejstvuyushchih na kabinu lesnoj mashiny pri razlichnyh variantah vozniknoveniya avarijnyh situacij // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevo-obrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2022. № 3. S. 28–39.

5. Osnovnye pravila bezopasnoj ekspluatacii universal’nyh lesozagotovitel’nyh mashin / O. A. Kunickaya, A. A. Krivosheev, A. S. Shvecov [et al.] // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2023. № 6. S. 33–42.

6. Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost’ lesnyh mashin na polugusenichnom hodu / A. S. Dmitriev, I. S. Dolzhikov, O. A. Kunickaya [et al.] // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2023. № 5. S. 44–51.

7. Ryabuhin P. B., Kunickaya O. A., Grigor’eva O. I. Obosnovanie tekhnologicheskih processov i sistem mashin dlya lesosechnyh rabot // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Lesnoj zhurnal. 2023. № 2 (392). S. 88–105.

8. Perspektivy ispol’zovaniya kolesnyh traktorov malogo i srednego klassa dlya tyagi dlya vypolneniya lesohozyajstvennyh rabot / I. S. Dolzhikov, O. A. Kunickaya, A. A. Krivosheev [et al.] // Povyshenie effektivnosti lesnogo kompleksa : materialy Devyatoj Vserossijskoj nacional’noj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Petrozavodsk, 2023. S. 75–76.

9. Obosnovanie parametrov traktorov s kolesno-gusenichnym dvizhitelem dlya maloob”emnyh lesozagotovok / A. S. Dmitriev, I. S. Dolzhikov, O. A. Kunickaya [et al.] // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2024. № 6(18). S. 44–53.

10. Povyshenie effektivnosti lesozagotovitel’nogo proizvodstva za schet ispol’zovaniya sbornorazbornyh dorozhnyh pokrytij na transportnyh operaciyah / M. V. Zorin, D. V. Novgorodov, A. M. Yudilevich [et al.] // Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2024. № 6 (18). S. 33–43.

11. Osobennosti ucheta sostoyaniya massiva merzlyh gruntov pri ciklicheskom vzaimodejstvii s trelevochnoj sistemoj / S. E. Rudov, V. Ya. Shapiro, I. V. Grigor’ev [et al.] // Lesotekhnicheskij zhurnal. 2019. T. 9, № 1(33). S. 116–128.

12. Issledovanie processa razrusheniya merzlyh i ottaivayushchih pochvogruntov pri vozdejstvii trelevochnoj sistemy / S. E. Rudov, V. Ya. Shapiro, I. V. Grigor’ev [et al.] // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Lesnoj zhurnal. 2020. № 2 (374). S. 101–117.

13. Modelirovanie vzaimodejstviya lesnyh mashin s pochvogruntom pri rabote na sklonah / S. E. Rudov, V. Ya. Shapiro, I. V. Grigor’ev [et al.] // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Lesnoj zhurnal. 2021. № 6(384). S. 121–134.

14. Carapov M. N., Kalabina M. V. Opredelenie ugla vnutrennego treniya slabol’distogo merzlogo grunta pri ottaivanii // Fundamenty glubokogo zalozheniya i problemy geotekhniki territorij : materialy II Vserossijskoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Perm’, 2021. S. 132–146

15. Geotekhnicheskoe obosnovanie rabotosposobnosti trelevochnyh volokov i tekhnologicheskih koridorov na sklonah ottaivayushchih pochvogruntov pri rabote lesnyh mashin s kolesnym i polugusenichnym dvizhitelem / V. A. Kalyashov, V. Ya. Shapiro, I. V. Grigor’ev [et al.] // Resoursces and Technology. 2023. T. 20, № 3. S. 15–31.

16. Mirnyj A. Yu., Idrisov I. H., Mosina A. S. Dinamicheskie svojstva merzlyh gruntov. Chast’ 1. Ispytaniya v rezonansnoj kolonke // Geoinfo. 2024. T. 6, № 1/2. S. 28–35.

17. Cytovich N. A. Mekhanika merzlyh gruntov. M. : Vysshaya shkola, 1983. 228 s.

18. Formirovanie kolei dvizhitelem lesnoj mashiny na sklone ottaivayushchego pochvogrunta kriolitozony s uchetom effekta soliflyukcii / V. A. Kalyashov, V. Ya., Shapiro I. V. [Grigor’ev et al.] // Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Lesnoj zhurnal. 2024. № 3(399). S. 140–152.

19. Sovremennye tekhnicheskie resheniya dlya obespecheniya bezopasnoj raboty lesnyh mashin na gornyh sklonah // V. A. Kalyashov, T. A. Do, O. I. Grigor’eva [et al.] Bezopasnost’ i ohrana truda v lesozagotovitel’nom i derevoobrabatyvayushchem proizvodstvah. 2022. № 2. S. 11–25.

20. Sovremennye sistemy mashin i tekhnologii zagotovki drevesiny i lesovosstanovleniya v usloviyah gornyh lesosek / V. A. Kalyashov, A. Do Tuan, E. G. Hitrov [et al.] // Resources and Technology. 2022. T. 19. № 2. S. 1–47.

21. T. A. Do, G. V. Grigor’ev, V. A. Kalyashov [et al.] Teoreticheskie issledovaniya raboty lesnyh mashin s guse-nichnym dvizhitelem na sklonah // Resources and Technology. 2022. T. 19, № 3. S. 1–29.

22. Ocenka tyagovo-scepnyh svojstv dvizhitelya lesnoj guse-nichnoj mashiny, rabotayushchej na sklone / T. A. Do, G. V. Grigor’ev, V. A. Kalyashov [et al.] // Sistemy. Metody. Tekhnologii. 2022. № 2 (54). S. 78–84.

23. Metodika i rezul’taty eksperimental’nyh issledovanij vozdejstviya lesnyh mashin s gusenichnym dvizhitelem na pochvogrunty na sklonah / Do T. A., Grigor’ev G. V., Kalyashov V. A. [et al.] // Resources and Technology. 2022. T. 19. № 4. S. 64–84.