Influence of technogenic impacts on the vital state of bushes in an urbanised environment (on the example of Krasnoyarsk)

Various types of shrubs are widely used in landscaping of Russian cities, and in particular, in Krasnoyarsk, they perform sanitary-protective and aesthetic functions. At the same time, urban plantings located in the zone of atmospheric pollution are weakened, which is manifested in a more sparse crown, small leaves, loss of biological and mechanical viability, premature drying. In addition to the general impact of negative factors of the urban environment, factors are added that should contribute to increasing their stability: incompatibility, mechanical damage, etc. The technogenic load on landscaping objects was assessed as an integral indicator, based on the analysis of environmental factors affecting changes in the phytoenvironment. The study found that plantings grow in “tense” conditions on 2 landscaping objects; “conflict” – on 15 objects and “critical” – on 4 objects – these territories relate to highway spaces in areas of traffic jams, intersections and main highways. In all the studied greenery objects, the smallest decrease in the IHC was noted for Hungarian lilac, which ranged from 15 to 31 % depending on the growing conditions and is explained by both the stability of this species and its location in groups and arrays. The maximum decrease in the IHC in conflict and critical growth conditions from 31 to 42 % is observed for Tatar honeysuckle, these plants mainly grow singly or in small groups. Caragana arborescens, cotoneaster lucidus and currant two-spined have intermediate values, while they are located in this order by the decrease in the IHC. Thus, the choice of plants for creating greenery objects in areas with different levels of technogenic pollution should be based on analysis and scientifically based recommendations. As shown by the studies, the vitality index is a sensitive marker reflecting the impact of the environment on the condition of shrubs.

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