Fruit-bearing of rotherhood apple trees used for hybridization at the Vs. Krutovsky botanical garden

The article provides the analysis of literary data characterizing the feasibility of conducting breeding studies to increase apple tree varieties. A brief description of the varieties used for hybridization on the territory of the Botanical Garden named after Vs. Krutovskiy is given. Apple trees include both summer and winter varieties. Summer varieties include: Arkad stakachchatyy, Bely Naliv, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Zolotoy thorn, Medovka, Papirovka; winter ones include Antipaskhalnoe, Arkad winter, Bismarck, General Orlov, No. 22. These varieties grow in a creeping form in the upper part of the garden (№ 5, 6, 36, 37, 48, 49, 52, 54, 54a, 65, 76, 76a) and in an open form in the lower part of the garden (№ 6-1, 6-3, 7-7, 9-7, 12-1, 19-8, 19-10, 21-3, 29-4). Research was conducted on the fruiting of apple trees and their differences in the size of the fruits (height, diameter, weight), the number of fruits on the tree were established. It was found that fruiting of summer varieties in a creeping form varies from 5.3 to 41.1 kg and from 2.4 to 39.4 kg for winter varieties; fruiting of summer open varieties fluctuates from 2.2 to 30.4 kg, and for winter varieties it fluctuates from 10.6 to 48.1 kg. The height of the fruit of the compared varieties growing in a creeping form, varies from 3.6 to 6.4 cm for summer varieties and from 4.1 to 6.2 cm for winter varieties; the height of open summer varieties varies from 3.7 to 5.5 cm, and for winter varieties it varies from 4.6 to 5.2 cm; The diameter of summer varieties fluctuates between 4.2 and 5.7 cm, while that of winter varieties fluctuates between 5.3 and 6.1 cm. The average fruit weight of summer varieties of creeping form varies between 31.1 and 108.7 g, while that of winter varieties fluctuates between 53.5 and 81.6 g; for open trees, the fruit weight of summer varieties fluctuates between 40.1 and 70.3 g, while that of winter varieties fluctuates between 60.3 and 80.9 g. Trees were selected for their further use in hybridization to develop varieties characterized by increased productivity and large-fruitedness. Specimens that combine two indicators of fruit (productivity and weight) are of great value: № 52 Antipaskhalnoye, № 54a Bely Naliv and № 12-1 General Orlov.

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