Pollen mixture as an indicator of the heterogeneity of parents during hybridization of pinus siberic

It is believed that the basis of heterosis is the genetic diversity of parents in terms of biological properties, structural, morphological, functional characteristics and origin. For the first time in coniferous breeding, the principle of heterogeneity was experimentally confirmed by us when studying the growth of 35-year old subalpine (1640 m above sea level) intra- and inter-belt hybrids of Siberian cedar from Northeastern Altai, tested in the zone of coniferous and broadleaf forests of the Bryansk region. They were obtained by pollination with ordinary, pure pollen from the parents. Individuals with somatic heterosis have been identified in fast-growing families in partner combinations that differ dramatically in several highly genetically determined properties, primarily in the type of sexualization that determines the entire course of body development.

This article presents the results of studies in the southern part of the broadleaf forests and forest-steppe subzone (Voronezh region) of 38-year-old mountain taiga (1100 m above sea level) growth hybrids of Siberian cedar from the Gornoaltai region obtained by pollination with a mixture of parental pollen, differing in the type of sexualization, yield, growth rate, structural characteristics of the crop, pollen productivity. Increased growth and a large number of fastgrowing individuals in families have been established when pollinated with a mixture of pollen from parents of different biological qualities. With significantly the same placement area, they outperform the same–age hybrids from crossing parents of the same female sex type by 1.6–1.8 m in height or by 14–19 %, in diameter – by 32–34 %. A genotype with somatic heterosis was identified: 17 % true, 26 % hypothetical. Its morphological indicators, reflecting the depressing effect of the vigorously growing central shoot on the lateral ones, are the increased number of medium and thin branches in the whorls extending from the trunk at a gentle angle (80–90°). As a result, it was found that a mixture of pollen from trees of different sexual types is an indicator of the biochemical diversity of partners, as the basis of heterotic breeding.

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