Assessment of the level of chemical contamination of soil by degradation products of a composite material without resins based on wood raw materials

In this work, the assessment of the level of chemical pollution of soils as an indicator of the adverse impact on the environment by products of destruction of composite material (plastic) without resins (PWR) based on wood raw materials is carried out. Wood waste in the form of pine and birch sawdust was considered as unclaimed secondary plant raw materials. For the raw materials used, based on chemical analysis, the presence of heavy metals in it was found to be insignificant, the presence of which is due to the influence of external environmental conditions. The results of the assessment of the biodegradability of the studied PWR by marker morphological features showed that samples based on pine sawdust can be attributed to a fully biodegradable material, and based on birch sawdust – to a material with a moderate (partial) degree of biodegradability. According to the results of the exposure for 84 days in the soil of the PWR samples, migration of heavy metals and arsenic from the degradable biodegradable material into the soil substrate is observed. There were no exceedances of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for the contents of Class I pollutant elements (lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, arsenic) and class II hazard (copper, nickel) in the soil after biodegradability tests. According to the total pollution indicator, the studied soil belongs to the category of "permissible" pollution. The performed studies have shown that the final choice of wood raw materials for the purpose of obtaining composite materials should be determined by the level of contamination of the raw plant raw materials used to produce composites, as well as the level of possible existing chemical contamination of the soils of the area intended for the use of products based on them.

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