Models of Picea spp. biomass conversion and expansion factors in geographical gradients of Eurasia

Forest biomass data provide an important contribution to the implementation of sustainable forest management, maintaining a positive carbon balance in the earth's atmosphere, as well as the supply of materials and renewable energy. When modeling data on forest biomass, the Biomass Conversion and Expansion Factor (BCEF) has become widespread as the ratio of dry biomass of its some fraction to the volume stock. The relevance of the BCEF application is determined, on the one hand, by the complexity of obtaining actual data on the stand biomass on sample plots, and, on the other hand, by the presence of huge arrays of data on volume stocks accumulated by traditional forest mensuration. The BCEF provides the interface of traditional tables and banks of forest inventory information on volume stocks with data on the stand biomass. There is no consensus on the patterns of changes in the BCEF in the geographical gradients of Eurasia. The purpose of our research was to develop models of BCEF of biomass of spruce stands (genus Picea L.) in geographical gradients of Eurasia using the author's database of 942 sample plots. As a result, models of BCEF of aboveground and underground biomass of spruce stands are proposed, designed to assess the stand biomass by the values of stand age and volume stock. Unlike previously published models, the proposed models are species-specific and differentiated by geographical coordinates of latitude and longitude. It was found that the BCEF of the aboveground and underground biomass fractions increases in the directions from south to north and from west to east. The age of the stands and their geographical location provide approximately equal contributions to the explanation of the variability of the BCEF of biomass. At the same time, the contribution of latitude is about three times greater than the contribution of longitude. The proposed BCEF models can be used to calculate the carbon pool in spruce stands according to forest inventory data. 

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