Research of the process of obtaining cellulose acetate from mechanoactivated birch particles

In the present article the influence of methods of preliminary mechanoactivation of wood particles on the possibility of obtaining cellulose acetate is evaluated. The results of the study indicate the feasibility of using hydrodynamic mechanical activation of birch sawdust to increase the alpha-cellulose content in holocellulose. This is achieved by increasing the specific surface area of wood fibers through fibrillation and, as a consequence, intensifying the process of nitrate delignification.

Evaluation of the size and distribution of wood particles by sieve method, using an analytical sieving machine, showed that sawdust mechanically activated by hydrodynamic method was more effectively pulverized. During the study of the surface of wood particles by scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the morphological and anatomical structure of sawdust changed markedly during the hydrodynamic treatment process.

During the delignification process of hydrodynamically activated birch sawdust the degree of penetration of the reagent increases, as a result of which, mainly hydrolysis of secondary components occurs: lignin and beta-gammacellulose. As a result, with a yield of holocellulose of 31.4 %, a higher alpha-cellulose content of 82.8 % is observed.

In the case of acetylation by heterogeneous method, cellulose acetate corresponding to cellulose triacetate, well soluble in chloroform, with a bound acetic acid content of 60.3–61.1 % was obtained. In the case of acetylation by homogeneous method, cellulose diacetate was obtained, well soluble in acetone under stirring, with an increased content of bound acetic acid of 54.1–58 %. 

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