Investigation of the effect of hydrophobizing and antiseptic additives in the form of hydrolysis lignin on the performance properties of plastics without the addition of binders based on wood press raw materials

Currently, production waste in the form of hydrolyzed lignin and lignosulfonates from pulp and paper and hydrolysis industries is large-tonnage waste that requires solutions for their disposal and use as a secondary source of raw materials. Various solutions are proposed, one of which considers hydrolytic lignin as a component for the production of wood and composite materials. This study established the effect of an additive in the form of hydrolytic lignin to wood press raw materials on the physical and mechanical properties of plastic without resins (PWR), including water and biostability. It is shown that the introduction of hydrolyzed lignin into the press composition based on wood filler (wood flour) increases the water resistance of PWR obtained by hot pressing in closed molds. Rational values of obtaining PWR based on wood filler with the addition of 40 % by weight of hydrolyzed lignin with high performance properties have been determined. The dynamics of changes in the indicators of water resistance (water absorption and swelling) and biostability of PWR in relation to the soil for 90 days has been studied. It was found that when exposed to 90 days of PWR with hydrolyzed lignin in the aquatic environment and soil, there is a positive dynamics of a decrease in water resistance and weight loss. The results of microscopy and visual evaluation of the samples of PWR showed that the initial processes of destruction of the studied material proceed due to excessive water saturation of the wood filler with its subsequent destruction. The use of hydrolytic lignin for wood press raw materials can be considered as a hydrophobic and antiseptic additive for obtaining materials based on PWR.

1. Lignin-derived (nano)materials for environmental pollution remediation: Current challenges and future perspectives / M. Sajjadi, H. Ghafuri, F. Ahmadpoor, M. Nasrollahzadeh // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021. Vol. 178. P. 394–423. DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.165. EDN UAGKGM.

2. Analiz rezul'tatov mekhanoaktivacii tekhnicheskogo gidroliznogo lignina s ispol'zovaniem metodov termograficheskih issledovanij i lazernoj difrakcii / V. A. Petrov, A. V. Aleksandrov, T. N. Aleksandrova, A. P. Rudenko // Hvojnye boreal'noj zony. 2018. Vol. 36, No. 2. S. 205–210. EDN VPHWLB.

3. Plotnikova G. P. Kompozicionnyj stroitel'nyj material s ispol'zovaniem othodov lesohimii v sostave // Izvestiya vuzov. Investicii. Stroitel'stvo. Nedvizhimost'. 2021. T. 11, № 3(38). S. 452–461. DOI 10.21285/22272917-2021-3-452-461. EDN GCEJHR.

4. Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids / E. Lizundia, M. H. Sipponen, L. G. Greca [et al.] // Green Chemistry. 2021. Vol. 23, No. 18. P. 6698–6760. DOI 10.1039/d1gc01684a. EDN UCHRYJ.

5. Teploeffektivnye stroitel'nye materialy na osnove polimersilikatnogo vyazhushchego i gidroliznogo lignina / G. N. Shibaeva, E. E. Ibe, Yu. A. Holdaenko, V. A. Fili- monova // Innovacii v zhizn'. 2017. № 3(22). S. 162–172. EDN XSEZMT.

6. Lignin as an additive for advanced composites / Y. Polat, E. Stojanovska, T. A. Negawo [et al.] // Green Energy and Technology. 2017. No. 9783319466095. P. 71–89. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46610-1_4. EDN YDUPUD.

7. Kuznecova T. N. Razrabotka teploizolyacionnogo materiala na osnove gidroliznogo lignina iz otvalov OAO “Tavdinskij gidroliznyj zavod” // Novye tekhnologii – neftegazovomu regionu : Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii studentov, aspirantov i molodyh uchenyh, V 2 t., Tyumen', 20–21 maya 2020 goda. Tyumen' : Tyumenskij industrial'nyj universitet, 2020. S. 40–42. EDN FPTXBQ.

8. Lignin as Green Filler in Polymer Composites: Development Methods, Characteristics, and Potential Applications / M. R. Ridho, M. Rahmi Dn, E. W. Madyaratri [et al.] // Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2022. Vol. 2022. P. 1363481. DOI 10.1155/2022/1363481. EDN BEIZVT.

9. Stupak D. P., A. E. Shkuro, A. V. Artemov Poluchenie i issledovanie svojstv drevesno-polimernyh kompozitov s gidroliznym ligninom // Derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennost'. 2020. № 1. S. 72–80. EDN CNXUXS.

10. Assessment of morphological, physical, thermal, and thermal conductivity properties of polypropylene/ lignosulfonate blends / M. Schneider, N. Finimundi, M. Podzorova [et al.] // Materials. 2021. Vol. 14. No 3. P. 1–10. DOI 10.3390/ma14030543. EDN OTZDXI.

11. Influence of MgO-lignin dual component additives on selected properties of low density polyethylene / K. Bula, G. Kubicki, A. Kubiak [et al.] // Polymers. 2020. Vol. 12, No. 5. P. 1156. DOI 10.3390/POLYM12051156. EDN SXAAPK.

12. Pimenov S. D., Krutov S. M. Kompozity na osnove othodov biohimicheskoj promyshlennost' i gidroliznogo lignina i organicheskih polimerov // Lesa Rossii: politika, promyshlennost', nauka, obrazovanie : materialy nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii, SanktPeterburg, 13–15 aprelya 2016 goda / pod. red. V. M. Ged'o. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj lesotekhnicheskij universitet im. S. M. Kirova, 2016. S. 86–89. EDN VYHNWR.

13. Lignopenopoliuretany na osnove gidroliznogo lignina / S. M. Krutov, E. V. Ipatova, D. S. Kosyakov [i dr.] // Zhurnal prikladnoj himii. 2016. T. 89, № 1. S. 128– 133. EDN JWSDUI.

14. Composite nanoparticles derived by selfassembling of hydrophobic polysaccharide derivatives and lignin / M. Gericke, T. Heinze, J. Bergrath, M. Schulze // Cellulose. 2022. Vol. 29, No. 7. P. 3613–3620. DOI 10.1007/s10570-022-04504-x. EDN LYWAJZ.

15. Improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of composites based on thermoplastic starch and Kraft Lignin / A. De S M De Freitas, A. P. Lemes, J. S. Rodrigues [et al.] // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021. Vol. 184. P. 863–873. DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.153. EDN HEXLLU.

16. Ilalova G. F., Galyavetdinov N. R. Issledovanie fiziko-mekhanicheskih harakteristik biorazlagaemyh kompozicionnyh materialov s drevesnymi napolnitelyami // Aktual'nye problemy lesnogo kompleksa. 2022. № 62. S. 302–307. EDN CYMYKE.

17. Polimernye kompozicionnye materialy na osnove polivinilhlorida, othodov proizvodstva flizelinovyh oboev i drevesnoj muki / A. E. Shkuro, D. D. Chirkov, V. V. Gluhih [i dr.] // Derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promys- hlennost'. 2022. № 3. S. 112–119. EDN RTXCTQ.

18. Ilalova G., Safin R., Mukhametzyanov S., Gazi- zullina A. Hydrolysis as a basis for processing vegetable waste into bioplastics // in Energy Systems Environmental Impacts. ESEI 2020. E3S Web of Conferences. P. 03009. EDN: ZMFUIX.

19. The role of lignin and lignin-based materials in sustainable construction – A comprehensive review / P. Jędrzejczak, T. Jesionowski, Ł. Klapiszewski, M. N. Collins // International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021. Vol. 187. P. 624–650. DOI 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.125. EDN IVHACR.

20. Modifikaciya fenolformal'degidnyh smol karbonizirovannym gidroliznym ligninom dlya proizvodstva fanery / I. K. Bozhelko, O. K. Leonovich, A. I. Medveckij [i dr.] // Lesnaya inzheneriya, materialovedenie i dizajn : materialy 86-j nauchno-tekhni- cheskoj konferencii professorsko-prepodavatel'skogo sostava, nauchnyh sotrudnikov i aspirantov (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem), Minsk, 31 yanvarya – 12 2022 goda. Minsk: Belorusskij gosudarstvennyj tekhnologicheskij universitet, 2022. S. 201–203. EDN EBKGWL.

21. Ispol'zovanie produktov okisleniya gidroliznogo lignina v celyah povysheniya effektivnosti svyazuyu- shchih dlya drevesnyh plit / A. N. Gonchar, V. A. Litvinenko, A. A. Kozhemyako, E. V. Dubodelova // Aktual'nye problemy i perspektivy razvitiya lesopromysh-lennogo kompleksa : Materialy IV Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Kostroma, 08–11 sentyabrya 2021 goda / Otv. redaktory A. A. Titunin, T. N. Vahnina. Kostroma : Kostromskoj gosudarstvennyj universitet, 2021. S. 75–77. EDN ALKOKN.

22. Zhuravlev I. S., Vurasko A. V., Stoyanov O. V. Himicheskaya modifikaciya lignosul'fonatov dlya povysheniya svyazuyushchih svojstv // Vestnik Kazan- skogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta. 2014. T. 17, № 15. S. 37–39. EDN STICKH.

23. Modificirovanie gidroliznogo lignina produktami mikoliza drevesiny / G. N. Kononov, A. N. Verevkin, Yu. V. Serdyukova, V. D. Zajcev // Lesnoj vestnik. Forestry Bulletin. 2018. T. 22, № 1. S. 78–83. DOI 10.18698/2542-1468-2018-1-78-83. EDN XZXKGT.

24. Babina M. D., Popova G. I., Pereskokova I. I. Ob ispol'zovanii gidroliznogo lignina v sostave dlya izgotovleniya drevesnovoloknistyh plit // Tekhnologiya drevesnyh plit i plastikov : mezhvuzovskij sbornik / Ural'skij lesotekhnicheskij institut im. Leninskogo komsomola. 1982. V. IX. S. 155–160.

25. Minin A. N. Tekhnologiya p'ezotermoplastikov. M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost', 1965. 296 s.

26. Izuchenie vliyaniya aktivacii press-syr'ya aktivirovannym ligninom na svojstva drevesnogo plastika bez dobavleniya svyazuyushchego / A. A. Okulova, A. V. Artemov, V. G. Buryndin, A. V. Savinovskih // Nauchnoe tvorchestvo molodezhi – lesnomu kompleksu Rossii : materialy IX Vserossijskoj nauchno-tekhnicheskoj konferencii studentov i aspirantov i konkursa po programme “Umnik”, Ekaterinburg, 18–19 aprelya 2013 goda. Ekaterinburg: federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya “Ural'skij gosudarst- vennyj lesotekhnicheskij universitet”, 2013. S. 115–118. EDN DZKQOJ.

27. Othody cellyulozno-bumazhnogo kompleksa – kak syr'yo dlya drevesnogo plastika bez svyazuyushchego / A. S. Busygina, P. S. Krivonogov, A. V. Artemov [i dr.] // Innovacii – osnova razvitiya cellyulozno-bumazhnoj i derevoobrabatyvayushchej promyshlennosti : Materialy V cii “Perspektivy razvitiya tekhniki i tekhnologij v cellyulozno-bumazhnoj i derevoobrabatyvayushchej promyshlennosti”, Perm', 24–25 marta 2017 goda / Ministerstvo obrazovaniya i nauki Rossijskoj Federacii FGBOU VO “Permskij nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij politekhnicheskij universitet”, GP “Permskaya cellyulozno-bumazhnaya kompaniya”, AO “Solikamsk- bumprom”, OOO “CBK “Kama”, OAO “Pilomaterialy” “Krasnyj Oktyabr' ”. Perm' : Permskij gosudarstvennyj nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij universitet, 2017. S. 186– 192. EDN YTIFHN.

28. Gluhih V. V. Prikladnye nauchnye issledovaniya: uchebnik. Ekaterinburg : Ural. gos. lesotekhn. un-t, 2016. 240 s.

29. Plastics: physical-and-mechanical properties and biodegradable potential / V. Glukhikh, P. Buryndin, A. Artyemov [et al.] // Foods and Raw Materials. 2020. Vol. 8, No. 1. P. 149–154. DOI 10.21603/2308-40572020-1-149-154.

30. Issledovaniye vliyaniya gidrofobiziruyushchey dobavki na fiziko-mekhanicheskiye svoystva drevesnogo plastika bez dobavleniya svyazuyushchego / A. V. Savi- novskikh, A. V. Artemov, V. G. Buryndin, A. E. Shkuro // Derevoobrabatyvayushchaya promyshlennost’. 2020. № 2. S. 50–55.

31. Biostability of binder-free wood and plant plastics protected with antiseptics / V. G. Buryndin, А. V. Artye- mov, А. V. Savinovskih [et al.] // Foods and Raw Materials. 2022. Vol. 10, No. 1. P. 148–154. DOI 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-148-154.