Seasonal changes in the pigment complex of siberian pine needles in the conditions of the high-altitude zone of the Western Sayan

A transect with four test areas was laid on the territory of the Ergaki Natural Park, crossing the upper border of the forest during the transition from the mountain taiga to the goltsovo-tundra zone. At the altitude of more than 1,630 m above sea level, woody vegetation is represented by Pinus sibirica krummholz forms up to 1 m high. The line for trees with typical Siberian pine trunk shape runs between altitudes of 1,630 and 1,550 m above sea level, and the upper line is between 1,550 and 1,500. Below 1500 m, there is a mixed small-grass forest with a predominance of Pinus sibirica, and below 1450, there is a mixed large-grass forest with a predominance of Abies sibirica. During the study of the spatial and temporal variability of the pigment complex of Siberian pine needles in the conditions of the high-altitude zone of the Western Sayan, both general trends in the seasonal dynamics of chlorophylls and carotenoids and features of the pigment composition of the needles of Siberian pine trees growing at different heights above sea level were revealed. The high LHC/CPC ratio characteristic of plants of the upper sample area indicates their low productivity, and the low ratio of the amount of chlorophylls to carotenoids indicates stress resistance in relation to a combination of low temperature and high illumination. Natural selection above the forestline, apparently, is aimed at the survival not of highly productive Siberian pine individuals, but of stress-resistant slow-growing krummholz forms, which, by creating microcourtines, can become the basis for the emergence of stem forms of Siberian pine.

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