Assessment of the impact on the soil of the replacement of pine forests by birch forests in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk

In a number of works, a positive effect on the soil is noted as a result of the replacement of coniferous species by birch. However, according to M. E. Tkachenko, the nature of this influence may be different, depending on climatic and soil-topographical conditions, as well as other factors. Based on this, the main aim of the work was to assess the nature and extent of the impact of pine-birch replacement on soil properties in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk. To achieve this aim, comparative studies of typical carbonate-free medium-loamy dark brown soils in close age (60–65 years) were conducted in a dead-cover pine of artificial origin and a natural sedge-grass birch, formed on the site of a native pine trees cut down in the late 40s of the last century.

The analysis of the obtained results revealed the soil-improving effect of birch forests, manifested in a higher content and reserves of humus, carbon and nitrogen, which is mainly due to higher rates of biological circulation of substances. However, the differences in the content and reserves of phosphorus and potassium, determined by the mineralogical composition of the soils of the studied plantings, are very poorly expressed.

At the same time, brown soils in birch forests contain more absorbed bases, which, combined with better humus content, led to some improvement in the soil structure. This, in turn, determined a slightly lower density and greater overall porosity of the soil, in comparison with pine forest.

Thus, in the conditions of the green zone, birch plantations have a soil-improving effect. In addition, taking into account the state of the atmosphere in Krasnoyarsk and the intensive recreational use of forests in its green zone, birch plantations are very promising, since this tree species is more resistant both to air pollution and soil compaction.

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