Influence of man-made pollution and drought on the generative sphere of the forest-steppe populations of Pinus sylvestris l.

The aim of the research is to study the mechanisms of resistance of forest-steppe populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to the impact of anthropogenic load and hydrothermal stress on a scale of “optimal years – weak – severe drought”. The objects of the study are forest cultures of pine near the reserve (Voronezh region, Ramon district, control object) and a forest belt along the highway М4 Don (Voronezh city, experimental object). As a result of the work, a comparative assessment of the vital state of experimental and control populations with different levels of anthropogenic pollution was carried out in different climatic conditions in years and the limits of variability of two traits of seed productivity (proportion of plump seeds and number of seeds per cone) under ex situ conditions were established. Significant differences between the objects in response to drought were found. It was shown that the control population of pine reacts to drought in proportion to the strength of weather stress. The level of proportion of plump seeds and the variation coefficient were 80.8±1.34 % (CV = 9.2 %) in the optimal year 2020, 73.7±1.81 % (CV = 13.8 %) in the weak drought of 2014, 32.1±3.4 % (CV = 67.7 %) in the severe drought of 2007. The response of the anthropogenic population to the drought is different. In optimal years, the technogenic population was characterized by increased variability of traits (CV = 45.8 %), seed productivity values lower than the control by 15–30 %. The range of individual norm reaction in terms of one tree is 1.7 times higher. There was no differentiation of trees into sensitive, modal and resistant group of genotypes. The generative sphere of pine did not respond to a weak drought. In severe drought, there was an asymmetric control algorithm of trait variability and low intensity of stress response. The results indicate that the control population represents a stable equilibrium system, while the experimental object represents weakly non equilibrium system. The mechanisms of pine survival in drought in ecologically favorable and technogenic polluted territory of Voronezh region are discussed.

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