Influence of pollutants in the air medium of a megapolis on natural ionization of air in the suburban forest zone

The purpose of this work is to determine the influence of pollutants from the megalopolis (Krasnoyarsk) on the natural ionization of air in the suburban forest zone. Objectives: to conduct research on the physical and chemical properties of forest air – the presence of negative and positive ions; compare the data of the studies carried out for the period 1998–2021; analyze the dynamics of air pollutants in the megalopolis for the period 2015–2019; to obtain mathematical dependences of the influence of the pollutants of the megalopolis on the ionization of the air in the suburban forest zones. The objects of research are: natural ionization of air in the suburban forest zone – the number of negative and positive ions; air pollutants of the megalopolis. The measurement of ionization was carried out with a small-size air ion counter MAC-01 for 13 years in the warm season. The analysis of the amount of pollutants was carried out according to the State Report on the State and Protection of the Environment for the period 2015–2019. The article provides data on the pollutants most affecting the decrease in the amount of negative ions of forest air, its healing properties. Mathematical dependences of the influence of pollutants on the number of negative ions of the air environment and the coefficient of unipolarity of suburban zones are obtained, significant factors are determined, according to which a mathematical model is obtained that allows predicting the influence of pollutants of the megalopolis air environment on the number of negative ions in the suburban zone. It was found that an increase in significant pollutants (carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, sulfur dioxide) per unit leads to a decrease in the number of negative ions by an average of 900 e/cm3. The effect of negative and positive ions on the dust content in the air was determined in laboratory conditions. The obtained research results will make it possible to predict and develop measures to create zones in the metropolis that are close to environmentally friendly regions in terms of the state of the air environment, and to develop technical devices for indoor air purification.

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