Technologies of cleaning from wood of the mouth of the Yenisei river

The northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are currently attracting special attention from the public, government, and business circles not only in Russia, but also in many countries. The development of coniferous boreal forests and the development of water transport of forests in the Yenisei basin has led to the fact that in the coastal strip and the water area of the Yenisei Bay have accumulated various waste products from industrial activities that have an impact on the environment.

The interest of foreign companies in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is determined by a number of important factors. First of all, it is more economically advantageous by sea: for example, from Hamburg to Yokohama, only 6,600 nautical miles, and when transporting through the Suez Canal – 11,400 miles; comparable are the transport costs for the transportation of timber cargo from Siberia to Asian countries – China, Korea. At the same time, the NSR is interesting as a transport artery in the development of natural resources and the transportation of raw materials from the Arctic regions of Russia, the development of the infrastructure of the Northern Territories. The main waterway connecting the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and having access to the NSR is the river Yenisei and its tributaries. For many years the Yenisei was the only waterway for the delivery of softwood timber to the Igarsk timber export plant. When timber is transported by water from raids located on the banks of the Angara and Yenisei, loss of timber is inevitable. The main reason for the entry of timber into the Yenisei Bay is natural disasters, raft accidents, violations of timber rafting technologies. According to our preliminary estimates, at present the reserves of sunken and scattered wood in the mouth part and the Yenisei Bay are more than 2,0 million m3. Sunken and scattered wood in the Yenisei Bay, even at low temperatures, has an impact on vulnerable northern ecosystems, and also can be used by various consumers in the Yenisei Bay area.

In April 2019, St. Petersburg hosted the 5th international forum «The Arctic – the Territory of Dialogue», at which the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin said: «The main threat to the Arctic today is ecological, the nature of the Arctic is under threat due to the possible economic development of the region» [1].

Thus, the problem of clearing the Yenisei Bay from sunken and scattered wood is becoming more and more urgent.

1. Minayev I. Arktika – territoriya zabluzhdeniy // Krasnoyarskiy Rabochiy. № 16. 30.04.2019.

2. Borisovets Yu. P. Osvoyeniye drevesnogo syr’ya na akvatorii vodokhranilishch Vostochnoy Sibiri i Eniseyskogo zaliva // Lesoekspluatatsiya i lesosplav: Obzornaya informatsiya. Vyp. 5. M. : VNIPIELesprom, 1987. 36 s.

3. GOST 17.1.3.01–76 “Okhrana prirody. Gidrosfera. Pravila okhrany vodnykh ob”yektov pri lesosplave” utverzhden i vveden v deystviye Postanovleniyem Gosudarstvennogo komiteta SSSR po standartam ot 29.12.1976 g.

4. Kulyashov A. P., Kolotilin V. E. Ekologichnost’ dvizhiteley transportno-tekhnologicheskikh mashin. M. : Mashinostroyeniye, 1993. 288 s.

5. Vodnyy transport lesa: uchebnik dlya vuzov / A. A. Kamusin, [i dr.] / pod red. V. I. Patyakina. 2-e izd., ster. M. : MGUL, 2002. 422 s.

6. Otsenka ob”yemov i kachestva drevesnoy massy na rekakh Angaro-Eniseyskogo rayona / V. N. Khudo- nogov [i dr.] // Lesoekspluatatsiya : mezhvuz. sb. nauch. tr. Krasnoyarsk, 1995. S. 61–65.

7. Demakova T. S., Ivanov M. D., Korpachev V. P. Razrabotka konstrukcii mekhanizma dlya ochistki ot zagryaznenij akvatorii i beregovoj polosy v usloviyah Krajnego Severa // Mashinostroenie: novye koncepcii i tekhnologii: Sb. mat. Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. Krasnoyarsk, 2021. P. 75–79.

8. Otsenka ob”yemov toplyakovoy drevesiny v reke Enisey na uchastke ot Ust’-Many do Krasnoyarska / V. P. Korpachev [i dr.] // Khvoynyye boreal’noy zony. 2019. T. XXXVII. № 2. S. 117–121.

9. Savinykh Yu. M. Lesosplav i sostoyaniye vodnykh ob”yektov v usloviyakh Kraynego Severa // Sb. tr. TsNIILesosplav. M. : Lesnaya prom-st’, 1986. S. 91–94.

10. Kompaniya “Trom”. Snegobolotokhody : ofits. sayt. Surgut. URL: https://trom8x8.ru/ (data obrash- cheniya: 15.03.2022). Tekst : elektronnyy.

11. Sudostroitel’naya kompaniya “Aerokhod” : ofits. sayt. Nizhniy Novgorod. URL: https://www.aerohod.ru/ (data obrashcheniya: 15.03.2022). Tekst : elektronnyy.

12. Kachalov P. P. O vozmozhnosti ispol’zovaniya na lesosplave agregatov na vozdushnoy podushke // Sb. nauchnykh trudov po lesosplavu. 1968. № 10. S. 67–75.

13. Kondrat’yev V. P. Flot na lesosplave : uchebnoye posobiye / M-vo vyssh. i sred. spets. obrazovaniya RSFSR. Vsesoyuz. zaoch. lesotekhn. in-t. Leningrad, 1964. 235 s.

14. OOO “Timbermash Baykal” ofitsial’nyy diler proizvoditelya pogruzochno-razgruzochnogo oborudova- niya Rotobec. Katalog oborudovaniya – 2020. Irkutsk. URL: https://tmbk.ru/tekhnika/pogruzochno-razgruzoch-noe-oborudovanie-rotobec (data obrashcheniya 11.10.2021). Tekst : elektronnyy.