On the influence of the cutting season on the degree of transformation of physical properties of the cutting soil

The results of soil studies on two fresh cuttings formed as a result of continuous cutting of mixed pine stands in the winter and summer periods of the year are presented. Negative changes in the soil cover of both cuttings were revealed, the degree of which is determined by the intensity of the impact of machines used on various technological elements of cutting areas, as well as the season of logging. These changes are manifested in the destruction of the litter on the loading areas and skidding portages of both cuttings, as well as the deterioration of the structure of the upper mineral layers, an increase in their density and a decrease in overall porosity with a simultaneous increase in small capillary pores, which greatly reduces the water permeability of the soil. At the same time, these changes are less pronounced in the apiaries of both cuttings.

In addition, more negative quantitative changes in the physical properties of the soil are observed during summer logging, which in the future will appropriately affect the course of natural regeneration of the resulting cuttings. Based on this, in the ecological and economic aspect, it is advisable to carry out the bulk of clear-cuttings in winter.

1. Bartenev I. M., Odnoralov G. A. Vliyaniye mashinnoy trelevki na pochvy lesnykh ekosistem // Sotsialno-ekonom. i ekolog. problemy lesnogo kompleksa : Tez. dokl. mezh-dunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf. Ekaterinburg. 1999. Ekaterinburg. 1999. S. 61–62.

2. Vadyunina A. F., Korchagina Z. A. Metody issledovaniya fizicheskikh svoystv pochv. M. : Agropromizdat. 1986. 416 s.

3. Voronin A. D. Osnovy fiziki pochv. M. : Izd-vo MGU. 1986. 244 s.

4. Dmitriyev E. A. Matematicheskaya statistika v pochvovedenii. M. : Izd-vo MGU. 1995. 320 s.

5. Doyarenko A. G. Izbrannyye sochineniya. M.: Izdvo selskokhoz. literatury. zhurna-lov i plakatov. 1963. 495 s.

6. Dymov A. A. Vliyaniye sploshnykh rubok v borealnykh lesakh Rossii na pochvy (ob-zor) // Pochvovedeniye. 2017. № 7. S. 787–798.

7. Dymov A. A., Lapteva E. M. Izmeneniye podzolistykh pochv na dvuchlennykh otlo-zheniyakh pri rubkakh // Lesovedeniye. 2006. № 3. S. 42–49.

8. Ershov Yu. I. Teoreticheskiye problemy lesnogo pochvoobrazovaniya. Novosibirsk. 2015. 319 s.

9. Ivanov V. V. Ekologicheskiye posledstviya mekhanizirovannykh lesozagotovok v yuzhnoy tayge Krasnoyarskogo kraya // Lesovedeniye. 2005. № 2. S. 3–8.

10. Ilinskiy V. V. Izmeneniye svoystv pochv na vyrubkakh // Nauchnyye trudy MLTI. 1972. Vyp. 40. S. 124–133.

11. Karpachevskiy L. O. Les i lesnyye pochvy. M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost. 1981. 264 s.

12. Kachinskiy N. A. Fizika pochvy. M. : Vysshaya shkola. 1965. 322 s.

13. Klassifikatsiya i diagnostika pochv Rossii / sost. L. L. Shishov, V. D. Tonkonogov, I. I. Lebedev [i dr.]. Smolensk : Oykumena. 2004. 342 s.

14. Krasnoshchekov Yu. N. Pochvozashchitnaya rol gornykh lesov basseyna ozera Baykal. Novosi-birsk: Izdvo SO RAN. 2004. 224 s.

15. Lukina N. V., Polyanskaya L. M., Orlova M. A. Pitatelnyy rezhim pochv severo-tayezhnykh lesov. M. : Nauka. 2008. 342 s.

16. Melekhov I. S. Rubki glavnogo polzovaniya. M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost. 1966. 372 s.

17. Morozov G. F. Ucheniye o lese. M.-L. : Goslesbumizdat. 1949. 453 s.

18. Orfanitskiy Yu. A., Orfanitskaya V. G. Pochvennyye usloviya tayezhnykh vyrubok. M. : Lesnaya promyshlennost. 1971. 96 s.

19. Pautov Yu.A., Ilchukov S.V. Prostranstvennaya struktura proizvodnykh nasazh-deniy na sploshnykh kontsentrirovannykh vyrubkakh v Respublike Komi // Lesovedeniye. 2001. № 2. S. 27–32.

20. Praktikum po pochvovedeniyu / I. S. Kaurichev, N. P. Panov, M. V. Stranovich [i dr.]. Pod red. I. S. Kauricheva. M. : Kolos. 1980. 272 s.

21. Prikaz Ministerstva prirodnykh resursov Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 28.03.2007 № 68 «Ob utverzhdenii Perechnya lesorastitelnykh zon i lesnykh rayonov Rossiyskoy Federatsii».

22. Pyatetskiy G. E. Vodnyy rezhim i fizicheskiye svoystva pochv na sploshnykh kon-tsentrirovannykh vyrubkakh yuzhnoy Karelii // Trudy Karelskogo filiala AN SSSR. vyp. 17. Petrozavodsk. 1959. S. 16–24.

23. Pyatetskiy G. N., Morozova R. M. Izmeneniye fizicheskikh i khimicheskikh svoystv lesnykh pochv yuzhnoy Karelii v svyazi s vyrubkoy lesa // Lesnyye pochvy Karelii i izme-neniye ikh pod vliyaniyem lesokhozyaystvennykh meropriyatiy. Trudy Karelskogo filiala AN SSSR. Petrozavodsk. 1962. S. 71–93.

24. Rastvorova O. G. Fizika pochv (prakticheskoye rukovodstvo). L. : Izd-vo LGU.1983. 196 s.

25. Revut I. B. Fizika pochv. L. : Kolos. 1972. 368 s.

26. Remezov N. P., Pogrebnyak P. S. Lesnoye pochvovedeniye. M. : Lesnaya promyshlen-nost. 1965. 324 s.

27. Rozhkov V. A., Karpachevskiy L. O. Lesnoy pokrov Rossii i okhrana pochv // Pochvovedeniye. 2006. № 10. S. 1157–1164.

28. Rosnovskiy I. N. Povrezhdeniye pochvy pri letnikh lesozagotovkakh v Zapadnoy Sibiri // Lesovedeniye. 2001. № 2. S. 22–26.

29. Rubki lesa i svoystva gorno-lesnykh buropodzolistykh pochv Srednego Urala / V. S. Dedkov, T. S. Pavlova, E. V. Prokopovich [i dr.]. // Antropogennoye vozdeystviye na svoystva pochv. Sverdlovsk: UNTs AN SSSR. 1987. S. 21–35.

30. Sapozhnikov A. P. Nekotoryye problemy lesnogo pochvovedeniya // Pochvovedeniye. 1996. № 4. S. 512–516.

31. Stefin V. V. Antropogennyye vozdeystviya na gorno-lesnyye pochvy. Novosibirsk: Nauka. Sib. otd-niye. 1981. 169 s.

32. Sukachev V. N. Dendrologiya s osnovami lesnoy geobotaniki. L. : Goslestekhizdat. 1938. 576 s.

33. Tarasov P. A., Tarasova A. V. Otsenka fizicheskikh svoystv pochvy na tropakh v be-reznyakakh krasnoyarskogo Akademgorodka // Vestnik KrasGAU. Krasnoyarsk : Izd-vo Kras-GAU. 2018. № 5. S. 268–274.

34. Tkachenko M. E. Obshcheye lesovodstvo. M.-L. : Goslesbumizdat. 1952. 599 s.

35. Richter D. de B., Yaalon D. H. «The changing model of soil» Revisited // Soil Sci Soc. Am. J. 2012. V. 76. P. 766–778.

36. Williamson J. R., Neilsen W. A. The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid during ground-based harvesting // Canad. J. Forest Res. 2000. № 8. P. 1196–1205.