Problems of loose floating in the rivers of Siberia

Krasnoyarsk Krai has significant reserves of coniferous boreal forests and a developed river network formed by the tributaries of the Yenisei, Angara, Chulym, Kan, Pyasina, etc. The rivers of Krasnoyarsk Krai are still used for water transport and timber rafting. The length of rafting routes along the Angara and Yenisei rivers is about 3000 km. The main characteristics of a river are length, width, depth, flow, catchment area. Depending on the size parameters, rivers are classified into small, medium and large.

Small and medium rivers have been widely used and are partially used today for timber rafting purposes.

The following types of timber rafting are distinguished: loose floating, bag boom floating, in raft sections and rafts. With loose floating, the timber is transported downstream in the form of unrelated assortments of roundwood and microbundles with a sufficient buoyancy margin. Loose floating is used on non-navigable rivers, where, due to the conditions of shallow depths or the short duration of the rafting period, the effective use of other types of water transport is not ensured. With the adoption of the “Water Code of the Russian Federation” No. 167-FZ dated 11/16/1995, and then No. 74-FZ dated 06/03/2006, a decision to ban loose floating was approved [3; 9; 22; 24].

On 13 February 2020, the Russian Government issued Decree No. 7 on invalidation of regulations that prohibited loose floating on rivers and reservoirs [21].

In this regard, it is necessary to assess the transport role of small and medium-sized rivers, the reasons for the loss of wood in the process of loose floating, the possible negative impact of loose floating on water quality and the environment during its renewal.

The presented work shows the role and importance of small and medium-sized rivers in the transport supply of forest resources to timber industry and wood processing enterprises.

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